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Low secondary attack rate after prolonged exposure to sputum smear positive miliary tuberculosis in a neonatal unit
ConclusionThis investigation highlighted the low transmission rate of sputum smear positive miliary TB in a particularly highly susceptible population as infants. Our expert definitions and interventions proved to be helpful in terms of the feasibility of a thorough outbreak investigation. Furthermore, we demonstrated concordance of T-Spot and TST. Based on our findings, we assume that T-Spot could be considered a reliable investigation tool to rule out TB infection in infants. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - December 5, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

The in situ efficacy of whole room disinfection devices: a literature review with practical recommendations for implementation
ConclusionDespite the large variation in the included studies, the four automated WRD systems are effective in reducing the amount of pathogens present in a hospital environment, which was also in line with conclusions from in vitro studies. Therefore, the assessment of what WRD device would be most suitable in a specific healthcare setting mostly depends on practical considerations. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - December 5, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Do task and item difficulty affect overestimation of one ’s hand hygiene compliance? A cross-sectional survey of physicians and nurses in surgical clinics of six hospitals in Germany
ConclusionAmong physicians, results indicate stronger hand hygiene overestimation for low-compliance indications, and when measurements are based on a single item versus the five WHO-5 items. For practice, results contribute to infection prevention and control ’s understanding of overestimation as a psychological mechanism that is relevant to professional hand hygiene. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - December 2, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: an assessment of frequency of isolation from ICU versus non-ICU, phenotypic and genotypic profiles in a multinational population of hospitalized patients
ConclusionAlthough multidrug resistant pathogens are often regarded as a challenge in the ICU population, the majority of CR-PA were isolated from non-ICU patients. Implementing phenotypic/genotypic testing will assist in guiding treatment. Carbapenem-resistance inP. aeruginosa should be regarded as a surrogate for MDR and this phenotype is increasingly prevalent outside the ICU. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - November 30, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Antimicrobial resistance and rational use of medicine: knowledge, perceptions, and training of clinical health professions students in Uganda
ConclusionHealth profession students exhibited good knowledge on antimicrobial resistance and high self-perceived confidence that should be leveraged to foster better future antimicrobial prescription practices. However, they still agreed that a separated course unit on AMR is necessary which responsible authorities should consider to consolidate the efforts. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - November 25, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Effect of temperature on Escherichia coli bloodstream infection in a nationwide population-based study of incidence and resistance
ConclusionTemperature increases the incidence of COE. coli BSI and CO antibiotic-resistantE. coli BSI. Global warming threatens to increase the incidence ofE. coli BSI. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - November 23, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Success rates of MRSA decolonization and factors associated with failure
ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that patients with a refugee status and children treated at the paediatric clinic have a higher risk of MRSA decolonisation treatment failure. For this reason, it might be useful to revise decolonization strategies for these subgroups and to refer these patients to specialized outpatient clinics in order to achieve higher treatment success rates. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - November 22, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

The potential for the double risk of rabies and antimicrobial resistance in a high rabies endemic setting: detection of antibiotic resistance in bacterial isolates from infected dog bite wounds in Uganda
ConclusionsInfection rates of DBWs in Uganda are high and the dominant bacterial isolates areStaphylococcus aureus, Pasteurella spps, andCapnocytophaga canimorsus. Multidrug resistance to commonly used antibiotics is high. The recommendation in the Uganda Clinical Guidelines to use metronidazole in the management of DBWs should be reviewed. DBWs should be enlisted for routine antimicrobial resistance surveillance and rational use of antimicrobial agents should be promoted. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - November 13, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Obesity and the risk of catheter-related bloodstream infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
ConclusionThis meta-analysis provided evidence that obesity was significantly associated with a higher risk of catheter-related bloodstream infection. Close attention should be paid to the complications and prognosis of obese patients with vascular catheterization in clinical work. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - November 12, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Effect of povidone-iodine and propanol-based mecetronium ethyl sulphate on antimicrobial resistance and virulence in Staphylococcus aureus
ConclusionPVP-I is a highly recommended antiseptic for use in healthcare settings to control the evolution of high-risk clones. Exposure to PVP-I causes no resistance-development risk inS. aureus, with virulence inhibition by subinhibitory concentrations. Also, special protocols need to be followed during PBM use in hospitals to avoid the selection of resistant strains. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - November 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Influence of public health and infection control interventions during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic on the in-hospital epidemiology of pathogens: in hospital versus community circulating pathogens
ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health measures had a significant impact on infectious diseases and the detection of pathogens at the Marburg University Hospital. Significant changes were observed for community transmissible infections, while no such effects on pathogens primarily associated with nosocomial transmission could be detected. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - November 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Validating administrative data to identify complex surgical site infections following cardiac implantable electronic device implantation: a comparison of traditional methods and machine learning
ConclusionsOur findings suggest that administrative data can be used to effectively identify CIED infections. While machine learning performed the most optimally, in centers with limited analytic capabilities a simpler algorithm of pre-selected codes also has excellent yield. This can be valuable for centers without traditional surveillance to follow trends in SSIs over time and identify when rates of infection are increasing. This can lead to enhanced interventions for prevention of SSIs. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - November 10, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Lower risk of bloodstream infections for peripherally inserted central catheters compared to central venous catheters in critically ill patients
ConclusionsPICC lines were associated with significantly lower CLABSI rates comparing to CVC although they were in place longer than CVC lines. Given their longer time to the development of infection, PICCs may be a safer alternative for prolonged inpatient IV access. The high prevalence of CLABSI-MDROs depicts the local microbial ecology, emphasizing the need of  public health awareness. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - November 9, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Vaccination coverage in Italian children and antimicrobial resistance: an ecological analysis
ConclusionsThese results, however, should be interpreted cautiously due to the ecological nature of our analysis. For this reason, further studies designed ad hoc should be encouraged to measure the impact of increasing childhood vaccination coverage on AMR. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - November 9, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

First nationwide survey of infection prevention and control among healthcare facilities in Japan: impact of the national regulatory system
ConclusionsThe national financial incentive system was associated with IPC programs at facility level in Japan. The current financial incentive system does not emphasize the multimodal strategy or cover monitoring/audit, and an additional systematic approach may be required to further promote IPC for more practical healthcare-associated infection prevention. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - November 9, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research