TET Enzymes in the Immune System: From DNA Demethylation to Immunotherapy, Inflammation, and Cancer
Annu Rev Immunol. 2024 Feb 15. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-080223-044610. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTen-eleven translocation (TET) proteins are iron-dependent and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases that sequentially oxidize the methyl group of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). All three epigenetic modifications are intermediates in DNA demethylation. TET proteins are recruited by transcription factors and by RNA polymerase II to modify 5mC at enhancers and gene bodies, thereby regulating gene expression during development, cell lineage ...
Source: Annual Review of Immunology - February 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Isaac F L ópez-Moyado Myunggon Ko Patrick G Hogan Anjana Rao Source Type: research
Aire in Autoimmunity
Annu Rev Immunol. 2024 Feb 15. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-090222-101050. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe role of the autoimmune regulator (Aire) in central immune tolerance and thymic self-representation was first described more than 20 years ago, but fascinating new insights into its biology continue to emerge, particularly in the era of advanced single-cell genomics. We briefly describe the role of human genetics in the discovery of Aire, as well as insights into its function gained from genotype-phenotype correlations and the spectrum of Aire-associated autoimmunity-including insights from patients with Aire mutatio...
Source: Annual Review of Immunology - February 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Corey N Miller Michael R Waterfield James M Gardner Mark S Anderson Source Type: research
The Immunobiology and Treatment of Food Allergy
Annu Rev Immunol. 2024 Feb 15. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-090122-043501. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIgE-mediated food allergy (IgE-FA) occurs due to a breakdown in immune tolerance that leads to a detrimental type 2 helper T cell (TH2) adaptive immune response. While the processes governing this loss of tolerance are incompletely understood, several host-related and environmental factors impacting the risk of IgE-FA development have been identified. Mounting evidence supports the role of an impaired epithelial barrier in the development of IgE-FA, with exposure of allergens through damaged skin and gut epithelium lead...
Source: Annual Review of Immunology - February 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Suzanne Barshow Jyothi Tirumalasetty Vanitha Sampath Xiaoying Zhou Hana Seastedt Jackson Schuetz Kari Nadeau Source Type: research
Priming and Maintenance of Adaptive Immunity in the Liver
Annu Rev Immunol. 2024 Feb 15. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-090122-041354. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe liver's unique characteristics have a profound impact on the priming and maintenance of adaptive immunity. This review delves into the cellular circuits that regulate adaptive immune responses in the liver, with a specific focus on hepatitis B virus infection as an illustrative example. A key aspect highlighted is the liver's specialized role in priming CD8+ T cells, leading to a distinct state of immune hyporesponsiveness. Additionally, the influence of the liver's hemodynamics and anatomical features, particularly...
Source: Annual Review of Immunology - February 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Keigo Kawashima Francesco Andreata Cristian Gabriel Beccaria Matteo Iannacone Source Type: research
TET Enzymes in the Immune System: From DNA Demethylation to Immunotherapy, Inflammation, and Cancer
Annu Rev Immunol. 2024 Feb 15. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-080223-044610. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTen-eleven translocation (TET) proteins are iron-dependent and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases that sequentially oxidize the methyl group of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). All three epigenetic modifications are intermediates in DNA demethylation. TET proteins are recruited by transcription factors and by RNA polymerase II to modify 5mC at enhancers and gene bodies, thereby regulating gene expression during development, cell lineage ...
Source: Annual Review of Immunology - February 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Isaac F L ópez-Moyado Myunggon Ko Patrick G Hogan Anjana Rao Source Type: research
Aire in Autoimmunity
Annu Rev Immunol. 2024 Feb 15. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-090222-101050. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe role of the autoimmune regulator (Aire) in central immune tolerance and thymic self-representation was first described more than 20 years ago, but fascinating new insights into its biology continue to emerge, particularly in the era of advanced single-cell genomics. We briefly describe the role of human genetics in the discovery of Aire, as well as insights into its function gained from genotype-phenotype correlations and the spectrum of Aire-associated autoimmunity-including insights from patients with Aire mutatio...
Source: Annual Review of Immunology - February 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Corey N Miller Michael R Waterfield James M Gardner Mark S Anderson Source Type: research
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes of the Intestine
Annu Rev Immunol. 2024 Jan 26. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-090222-100246. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe intestinal epithelium, which segregates the highly stimulatory lumen from the underlying tissue, harbors one of the largest lymphocyte populations in the body, intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). IELs must balance tolerance, resistance, and tissue protection to maintain epithelial homeostasis and barrier integrity. This review discusses the ontogeny, environmental imprinting, T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, and function of intestinal IELs. Despite distinct developmental pathways, IEL subsets share core ...
Source: Annual Review of Immunology - January 26, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ainsley Lockhart Daniel Mucida Angelina M Bilate Source Type: research
Systemic Immune Modulation by Gastrointestinal Nematodes
Annu Rev Immunol. 2024 Jan 26. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-090222-101331. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection has applied significant evolutionary pressure to the mammalian immune system and remains a global economic and human health burden. Upon infection, type 2 immune sentinels activate a common antihelminth response that mobilizes and remodels the intestinal tissue for effector function; however, there is growing appreciation of the impact GIN infection also has on the distal tissue immune state. Indeed, this effect is observed even in tissues through which GINs never transit. This ...
Source: Annual Review of Immunology - January 26, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Darshan N Kasal Lindsey Warner Astra Bryant Elia Tait-Wojno Jakob von Moltke Source Type: research
The CD4 Versus CD8 T Cell Fate Decision: A Multiomics-Informed Perspective
Annu Rev Immunol. 2024 Jan 25. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-083122-040929. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe choice of developing thymocytes to become CD8+ cytotoxic or CD4+ helper T cells has been intensely studied, but many of the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Recent multiomics approaches have provided much higher resolution analysis of gene expression in developing thymocytes than was previously achievable, thereby offering a fresh perspective on this question. Focusing on our recent studies using CITE-seq (cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes) analyses of mouse thymocytes, we present a deta...
Source: Annual Review of Immunology - January 25, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zo ë Steier Esther Jeong Yoon Kim Dominik A Aylard Ellen A Robey Source Type: research
Immunology of Kidney Disease
Annu Rev Immunol. 2024 Jan 11. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-090122-045843. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe immune system and the kidneys are closely related. Immune components mediate acute kidney disease and are crucial to the progression of chronic kidney disease. Beyond its pathogenic functions, the immune system supports immunological homeostasis in healthy kidneys. The kidneys help maintain immune equilibrium by removing metabolic waste products and toxins, thereby limiting local and systemic inflammation. In this review, we describe the close relationship between the immune system and the kidneys. We discuss how th...
Source: Annual Review of Immunology - January 11, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Orestes Foresto-Neto Lu ísa Menezes-Silva Jefferson Ant ônio Leite Magaiver Andrade-Silva Niels Olsen Saraiva C âmara Source Type: research
Challenges and Opportunities for Paving the Road to Global Health Equity Through Implementation Science
Annu Rev Immunol. 2024 Jan 2. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060922-034822. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTImplementation science focuses on enhancing the widespread uptake of evidence-based interventions into routine practice to improve population health. However, optimizing implementation science to promote health equity in domestic and global resource-limited settings requires considering historical and sociopolitical processes (e.g., colonization, structural racism) and centering in local sociocultural and indigenous cultures and values. This review weaves together principles of decolonization and antiracism to inform ...
Source: Annual Review of Immunology - January 3, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Prajakta Adsul Rachel C Shelton April Oh Nathalie Moise Juliet Iwelunmor Derek M Griffith Source Type: research
Leveraging Implementation Science to Advance Environmental Justice Research and Achieve Health Equity through Neighborhood and Policy Interventions
Annu Rev Immunol. 2024 Jan 2. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060222-033003. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEnvironmental justice research is increasingly focused on community-engaged, participatory investigations that test interventions to improve health. Such research is primed for the use of implementation science-informed approaches to optimize the uptake and use of interventions proven to be effective. This review identifies synergies between implementation science and environmental justice with the goal of advancing both disciplines. Specifically, the article synthesizes the literature on neighborhood-, community-, an...
Source: Annual Review of Immunology - January 3, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Laura Ellen Ashcraft Keven I Cabrera Meghan B Lane-Fall Eugenia C South Source Type: research
Climate Change, Landscape Fires, and Human Health: A Global Perspective
Annu Rev Immunol. 2024 Jan 2. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060222-034131. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLandscape fires are an integral component of the Earth system and a feature of prehistoric, subsistence, and industrial economies. Specific spatiotemporal patterns of landscape fire occur in different locations around the world, shaped by the interactions between environmental and human drivers of fire activity. Seven distinct types of landscape fire emerge from these interactions: remote area fires, wildfire disasters, savanna fires, Indigenous burning, prescribed burning, agricultural burning, and deforestation fire...
Source: Annual Review of Immunology - January 3, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Fay H Johnston Grant Williamson Nicolas Borchers-Arriagada Sarah B Henderson David M J S Bowman Source Type: research
Extreme Heat and Occupational Health Risks
Annu Rev Immunol. 2024 Jan 2. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060222-034715. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTClimate change poses a significant occupational health hazard. Rising temperatures and more frequent heat waves are expected to cause increasing heat-related morbidity and mortality for workers across the globe. Agricultural, construction, military, firefighting, mining, and manufacturing workers are at particularly high risk for heat-related illness (HRI). Various factors, including ambient temperatures, personal protective equipment, work arrangements, physical exertion, and work with heavy equipment may put workers...
Source: Annual Review of Immunology - January 3, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kathryn Gibb Stella Beckman Ximena P Vergara Amy Heinzerling Robert Harrison Source Type: research
Warning Labels as a Public Health Intervention: Effects and Challenges for Tobacco, Cannabis, and Opioid Medications
This article reviews the current state of tobacco warning labels in the United States, where legal battles have stalled pictorial cigarette warnings and new products such as electronic cigarettes and synthetic nicotine products pose unknown health risks. This article describes the emerging research on cannabis warnings; as more places legalize recreational cannabis, they are adopting lessons from tobacco warnings. However, its uncertain legal status and widespread underestimation of harms impede strict warning standards. The article also reviews opioid medication warning labels, suggesting that lessons from tobacco could h...
Source: Annual Review of Immunology - January 3, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lucy Popova Zachary B Massey Nicholas A Giordano Source Type: research
