MCQ on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
All of the following are true regarding type 1 diabetes mellitus except:
A. Accounts for about 10% of all cases of diabetes mellitus
B. First peak of presentation occur at 5 to 7 years of age
C. Can occur between 1 and 2 years in high risk groups
D. In all populations, females are significantly more affected
Correct answer: D.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is slightly more common in boys and men. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441918/) (Source: Cardiophile MD)
Source: Cardiophile MD - April 20, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Johnson Francis Tags: General Cardiology Source Type: blogs
Higher Risk of Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, and Atrial Fibrillation Noted After Spinal Cord Injury
There are several factors which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in survivors of spinal cord injury. They have a greater prevalence of obesity, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Energy expenditure is lesser both due to lack of motor function and lack of opportunities to engage in physical activity. Autonomic dysfunction caused by spinal cord injury is associated with abnormalities in blood pressure, heart rate variability, arrhythmias and blunted cardiovascular response to exercise which can limit the capacity to perform physical activity [1].
A recent large study from Korea compared over 5...
Source: Cardiophile MD - February 27, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Johnson Francis Tags: General Cardiology Source Type: blogs
Noisy, low amplitude ECG in a patient with chest pain
Written by Colin Jenkins. Colin is an emergency medicine resident beginning his critical care fellowship in the summer with a strong interest in the role of ECG in critical care and OMI. Edits by Willy Frick.A patient in their 40s with type 1 diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia presented to the emergency department with 5 days of “flu-like” illness. They had difficulty describing their symptoms, but complained of severe weakness, nausea, vomiting, headache, and chest pain. They denied fever, cough, dyspnea, and sick contacts. They described the chest pain as severe, crushing, and non-radiating. It was not wo...
Source: Dr. Smith's ECG Blog - January 15, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Willy Frick Source Type: blogs
Three normal high sensitivity troponins over 4 hours with a " normal ECG "
Written byWilly FrickA 46 year old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presented to urgent care with complaint of " chest burning. " The documentation does not describe any additional details of the history. The following ECG was obtained.ECG 1What do you think?The ECG shows sinus bradycardia but is otherwise normal. There is TWI in lead III, but this can be seen in normal ECGs. No labs were obtained. The patient was given a prescription for albuterol and a referral to cardiology.Smith comment:No patient over 25 years of age with unexplained chest burning should be discharged without a troponin rule out, no matt...
Source: Dr. Smith's ECG Blog - January 5, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Willy Frick Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, January 1st 2024
Discussion of What is Need to Speed the Pace at which Drugs to Treat Aging Arrive in the Clinic
Cellular Senescence in the Aging Brain, a Contributing Cause of Cognitive Decline
Reviewing What is Known of the Mechanisms of Taurine Supplementation Relevant to Aging and Metabolism
Blunt Thoughts on Calculating the Revealed Value of Human Life
A Look Back at 2023: Progress Towards the Treatment of Aging as a Medical Condition
Towards Adjustment of the Gut Microbiome to Slow Aging
Gene Therapy Enhances Object Recognition Memory in Young and Old Mice
Benefits of Sem...
Source: Fight Aging! - December 31, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Reviewing What is Known of the Mechanisms of Taurine Supplementation Relevant to Aging and Metabolism
Taurine is a semi-essential amino acid. Dietary taurine supplementation has been shown to modestly slow aging in mice, though as for all such interventions there is always the question of whether it will prove to be less useful in humans, and also whether these results in mice will be disproved by the much more rigorous Interventions Testing Program (ITP), once that group gets around to assessing taurine supplementation. Few of the numerous interventions thought to modestly slow aging in mice on the basis of earlier research actually held up once subjected to the ITP degree of experimental rigor.
Speculatively, taur...
Source: Fight Aging! - December 27, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Acute OMI or " Benign " Early Repolarization?
Written by Willy FrickA man in his 50s with a history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and prior inferior OMI status post DES to his proximal RCA 3 years prior presented to the emergency department at around 3 AM complaining of chest pain onset around 9 PM the evening prior. He described it as severe, sharp, and substernal with associated nausea, vomiting, chills, and diaphoresis. The following ECG was obtained. Note that the machine read is" normal sinus rhythm, normal ECG. " Cardiology over read the tracing and signed the interpretation without modification.ECG 1What do you think?The Queen of Hear...
Source: Dr. Smith's ECG Blog - December 27, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Willy Frick Source Type: blogs
Benefits of Semaglutide in Heart Failure are not Just Due to Weight Loss, in Mice at Least
This study investigated semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that induces significant weight loss in patients with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus and has been associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes.
In a mouse model of HFpEF that was caused by advanced aging, female sex, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, semaglutide, compared with weight loss induced by pair feeding, improved the cardiometabolic profile, cardiac structure, and cardiac function. Mechanistically, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses revealed that semaglutide improved left ventricular cytoskeleton function a...
Source: Fight Aging! - December 26, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, December 25th 2023
This study generates a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas of human atherosclerosis including 118,578 high-quality cells from atherosclerotic coronary and carotid arteries. By performing systematic benchmarking of integration methods, we mitigated data overcorrection while separating major cell lineages. Notably, we define cell subtypes that have not been previously identified from individual human atherosclerosis scRNA-seq studies.
Besides characterizing granular cell-type diversity and communication, we leverage this atlas to provide insights into smooth muscle cell (SMC) modulation. We integrate genome...
Source: Fight Aging! - December 24, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Existing Geroprotective Drugs May Not Interact Well with Exercise
The big disadvantage of the geroprotective approach to aging, which is essentially to undertake the long-term use of supplements and small molecule drugs to alter metabolism in ways that slow aging over years and decades, is that distinct supplements and small molecules and adjustments tend to combine in unexpected ways. Short of testing every combination in laboratory species, something that Brian Kennedy's team has been working on, one can never know the outcome of combining a treatment. Based on presentations and interviews given by Kennedy in the last few years, the result of combining two geroprotectors that individua...
Source: Fight Aging! - December 21, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Concerning EKG with a Non-obstructive angiogram. What happened?
CONCLUSION: Given resolution of severe CP in association with the above marked improvement of ST-T wave abnormalities in virtually all leads during the less than 1 hour between the recording of ECGs #1 and #2 — this strongly suggests reopening of a " culprit " vessel (whichever vessel this was) — regardless of the fact that " no obstructive lesion was seen " at the time the cardiac catheterization happened to be done.The more than doubling of Troponin (even though " normal limits " for Troponin were not surpassed) — is consistent with a brief OMI, with only...
Source: Dr. Smith's ECG Blog - December 19, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Willy Frick Source Type: blogs
CLEAR Trial of Bempedoic Acid
Bempedoic acid is an ATP citrate lyase inhibitor, acting upstream of HMGCoA reductase targeted by statins, and reduces LDL cholesterol levels. It is associated with low incidence of muscle related adverse events compared to statins. US FDA had a prerequisite that patients should be already on maximally tolerated stating therapy before considering bempedoic acid and had noted that their effect on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were considered as indeterminate. The manufacturers have reported that these clauses have been removed.
The CLEAR (Cholesterol Lowering via Bempedoic Acid [ECT1002], an ACL-Inhibiting Regime...
Source: Cardiophile MD - December 16, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Johnson Francis Tags: General Cardiology Source Type: blogs
Rate vs Rhythm Control in Atrial Fibrillation
Rate vs rhythm control as a management strategy in atrial fibrillation has been a long standing topic for debate. Though at one look rhythm control would appear to be the ideal strategy, long term adverse effects of the currently available medications for rhythm control is the often cited down side. AFFIRM [1] and RACE [2] trials were the main reason for the debate as they failed to show any benefit for the rhythm control strategy. AF-CHF trial in those with AF and congestive heart failure also failed to show any advantage for the rhythm control strategy [3]. But there have been important criticisms as well [4]. In AFFIRM...
Source: Cardiophile MD - October 26, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Johnson Francis Tags: ECG / Electrophysiology General Cardiology Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, October 2nd 2023
In conclusion, we identified several candidate genes that may confer cancer resistance in cetaceans, providing a new avenue for further research into the mechanisms of lifespan extension.
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A Relationship Between the Gut Microbiome and Bone Density
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2023/09/a-relationship-between-the-gut-microbiome-and-bone-density/
Changes in the gut microbiome take place with advancing age, an increase in populations that provoke chronic inflammation, a reduction in the populations producing beneficial metabolites. Even only considering rising levels of in...
Source: Fight Aging! - October 1, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Beta Cell Senescence in Multiple Forms of Diabetes
The growing focus on cellular senescence as a contributing cause of aging has identified senescent cells as important agents in a range of conditions, age-related and otherwise. Interestingly, the pathology of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes appears to be mediated by senescent beta cells in the pancreas. Clearing senescent cells has been shown to be beneficial in animal models of these conditions, but it remains to be seen as to whether human patients will benefit. There are many conditions that might be treated with senolytic therapies to selectively destroy senescent cells, and only so many research groups and companies ...
Source: Fight Aging! - September 29, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
