An Epidemic: Top 10 Outbreaks In U.S. History
Throughout the years, epidemics and plagues have shaken up societies and cultures around the world. The latest outbreak that Americans seem to be concerned about is the Ebola epidemic occurring in the African countries of Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Nigeria.  With experts and doctors saying that the outbreak has the potential to become a full-blown pandemic that will become increasingly more difficult to control, the general public is scared. While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention continuously keep an eye on public health and any immediate health dangers, the American public still worries about how muc...
Source: WBZ-TV - Breaking News, Weather and Sports for Boston, Worcester and New Hampshire - August 7, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: cbskapost Tags: Health Africa avian flu Ebola Guinea Health Scare History Measles Nigeria Source Type: news

Scientist recreates H1N1 flu virus RESISTANT to vaccine
Dr Yoshihiro Kawaoka, professor of virology at University of Wisconsin at Madison, has tweaked the 2009 strain of pandemic influenza to make it resistant the human immune system's antibodies. (Source: the Mail online | Health)
Source: the Mail online | Health - July 2, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

JCI online ahead of print contents for June 9, 2014
(Journal of Clinical Investigation) This release contains summaries, links to PDFs, and contact information for the following newsworthy papers published online, June 9, 2014, in the JCI: 'Clinical trial evaluates ex vivo cultured cord blood,' 'Murine model of Ewing's sarcoma reveals tumor origins,' 'Vitamin B12-dependent taurine synthesis regulates growth and bone mass,' 'Hypomorphic PCNA mutation underlies a human DNA repair disorder,' 'Characterization of pandemic influenza immune memory signature after vaccination or infection,' and more. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - June 9, 2014 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Newcastle Disease Virus Detection and Differentiation from Avian Influenza
Newcastle disease (ND) is a contagious and often fatal disease that affects over 250 bird species worldwide, and is caused by infection with virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1) of the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Avulavirus. Infections of poultry with virulent strains of APMV-1 (Newcastle disease virus) are reportable to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Vaccination of poultry species is a key measure in the control of ND. Other APMV-1 viruses of low virulence, which are not used as vaccines, are also often isolated from wild bird species. The APMV-1 virus, like avian influenza virus (AIV), is...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Infectious Diseases - June 6, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Laboratory Methods for Assessing and Licensing Influenza Vaccines for Poultry
Avian influenza vaccines for poultry are based on hemagglutinin proteins, and protection is specific to the vaccine subtype. Over 113 billion doses have been used between 2002 and 2010 for high pathogenicity avian influenza control. No universal vaccines are currently available. The majority of avian influenza vaccines are inactivated whole influenza viruses that are grown in embryonating eggs, inactivated, emulsified in oil adjuvant systems, and injected into chickens. Live virus-vectored vaccines such as recombinant viruses of fowl pox, Newcastle disease, herpesvirus of turkeys and duck enteritis containing inserts of av...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Infectious Diseases - June 6, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Detection of Cell-Mediated Immune Response to Avian Influenza Viruses
The measurement of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is critical to understanding the role and regulation of avian lymphocytes following avian influenza virus (AIV) infection. While these different cell types have distinctly different modes of action in terms of contributions to protection, they account for the majority of adaptive immunity induced following infection or vaccination. Although the ability to measure CMI has steadily improved over the last few years, few studies have examined its role in protection of birds against AIV. The increasing availability of monoclonal antibodies recognizing various avian cell-associated...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Infectious Diseases - June 6, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Reverse Genetics of Influenza Virus
Reverse genetics is the creation of a virus from a full-length cDNA copy of the viral genome, referred to as an “infectious clone,” and is one of the most powerful genetic tools in modern virology. Since its development in 1999, plasmid-based reverse genetics has been effectively applied to numerous aspects of influenza studies which include revolutionizing the production of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccine seed strains. Although continual improvement in reverse genetics system is being made in different laboratories for the efficient rescue of the influenza virus, the basic concept of synthesizing viral...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Infectious Diseases - June 6, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Bird Flu Vaccine Readied Against Possible H7N9 Outbreak
Scientists have developed a candidate vaccine to protect people against a possible outbreak of H7N9 bird flu. The preliminary development would make it easy to ramp up vaccine production for larger trials and in the case of an epidemic. (Source: Pharmaceutical Online News)
Source: Pharmaceutical Online News - May 2, 2014 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: news

Bird Flu Vaccine Readied Against Possible H729 Outbreak
Scientists have developed a candidate vaccine to protect people against a possible outbreak of H729 bird flu. The preliminary development would make it easy to ramp up vaccine production for larger trials and in the case of an epidemic. (Source: Pharmaceutical Online News)
Source: Pharmaceutical Online News - May 2, 2014 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: news

Vaccine Against Bird Flu Readied, Just in Case
Title: Vaccine Against Bird Flu Readied, Just in CaseCategory: Health NewsCreated: 4/30/2014 2:36:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 5/1/2014 12:00:00 AM (Source: MedicineNet Hepatitis C General)
Source: MedicineNet Hepatitis C General - May 1, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Vaccine Against Bird Flu Readied, Just in Case
U.S. officials want to be prepared, but some doubt H7N9 will become pandemic Source: HealthDay Related MedlinePlus Pages: Bird Flu, Immunization (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)
Source: MedlinePlus Health News - April 30, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Solving the Mystery Flu That Killed 50 Million People
MoreCalifornia Bill Banning ‘Affluenza’ Defense Is Nixed7 Ebola Patients in Guinea Fight Off the Disease4 Diseases Making a Comeback Thanks to Anti-VaxxersYears ago the environmental historian Alfred Crosby was at Washington State University, where he was teaching at the time, when on a whim he decided to pick up an old almanac from 1917. (This is apparently the kind of thing historians like to do in their spare time.) He looked up the U.S. life expectancy in that year—it was about 51 years. He turned to the 1919 almanac, and found about the same figure. Then Crosby picked up the almanac from 1918. The U.S. l...
Source: TIME: Top Science and Health Stories - April 29, 2014 Category: Science Authors: Bryan Walsh Tags: Uncategorized 1918 pandemic avian flu bird flu death rates H1N1 H5N1 H7N9 health immune system influenza Spanish flu Source Type: news

Alternative FDA Assay May Speed Flu Vaccine Availability
By shortening the time it takes to test vaccine potency, a new laboratory assay developed by FDA scientists may speed the release of pandemic influenza vaccines to the public. (Source: PharmaManufacturing.com)
Source: PharmaManufacturing.com - April 14, 2014 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: news

Enhancement of DNA vaccines Efficacy by Intracellular Targeting Strategies
Immune response against an encoded antigenic protein can be elicited by including targeting sequences to DNA vacciness that promote protein sorting to processing pathways, related with antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complexes (MHC). Candidate DNA vacciness coding for neuraminidase 3 of the avian influenza virus were designed to encode different sequences that direct the protein to specific cellular compartments such as endoplasmic reticulum (i.e., adenovirus E1A), lysosomes (i.e., LAMP), and the combination of protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome (i.e., E1A-LAMP). The DNA vaccines p...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Immunology - April 10, 2014 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: news

New deadly strain of bird flu may have emerged
“Experts are concerned about the spread of a new strain of bird flu that has already killed one woman in China,” BBC News reports. The new strain, which has evolved from an existing bird flu virus called H10N8, has infected two people in China. A case report in The Lancet medical journal warns that potential for a new pandemic “should not be underestimated”. Their genetic tests of the strain suggests it has adapted to infect humans more easily.  That said, experts suggest there is currently no cause for alarm. There is no evidence that the new strain can pass between humans. Also, the woman who died of the ne...
Source: NHS News Feed - February 5, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Swine flu QA articles Medical practice Source Type: news