Improved anal Cytology Sampling: Tush Brush Compared With Dacron Swab
Conclusions
Anal cytology AUCROC, sensitivity, and specificity in detecting anal neoplasia were greater using the TB when compared with the DS. A novel anal cytology sampling device designed specifically to increase the detection of anal neoplasia would be clinically beneficial. (Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease)
Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease - December 25, 2018 Category: OBGYN Tags: Original Research Article: Perianal and Anal Source Type: research
Anal dysplasia among solid organ transplant recipients; a cross sectional study
ConclusionsThe rate of anal dysplasia detectable on cytology is high enough to warrant anal dysplasia screening in transplant recipients, which can then be followed up with high-resolution anoscopy with biopsy. Defining a cohort of patients among solid organ transplant recipients who are at an increased risk for the development of anal dysplasia mandating screening continues to be a challenge.ResumoIntroduçãoA incidência de câncer anal nos Estados Unidos aumentou nas últimas décadas, afetando populações imunossuprimidas, especialmente receptores de órgãos sólidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalênc...
Source: Journal of Coloproctology - November 14, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Association of anal symptoms with anal high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) among men who have sex with men: Baseline data from the study of the prevention of anal cancer (SPANC)
ConclusionsAmong MSM age 35 years and older, most anal symptoms are not a useful marker of anal HSIL. (Source: Cancer Epidemiology)
Source: Cancer Epidemiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Testing for Human Papillomavirus Strains 16 and 18 Helps Predict the Presence of Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions
BACKGROUND:
More than 90% of anal cancers are caused by human papillomavirus, and human papillomavirus strains 16 and 18 are the most oncogenic. Anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions are cancer precursors. Treating these high-grade intraepithelial lesions likely reduces the risk of cancer, but cytology is an imperfect screening test.
OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to determine whether human papillomavirus 16 and/or 18 testing better predicts the presence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions.
DESIGN:
In this retrospective study, 894 consecutive patients underwent anal dysplasia screeni...
Source: Diseases of the Colon and Rectum - November 8, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Original Contributions: Colorectal Cancer Source Type: research
What Is the Risk of Anal Carcinoma in Patients With Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia III?
CONCLUSIONS:
In the largest published cohort of patients with anal intraepithelial neoplasia III, ≈10% of patients were projected to develop anal cancer within 5 years. Nearly one third of anal cancers were diagnosed at stage T2 or higher despite a previous diagnosis of anal intraepithelial neoplasia III. Ablative procedures were associated with a decreased risk of cancer. This study highlights the considerable rate of malignancy in patients with anal intraepithelial neoplasia III and the need for effective therapies and surveillance. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A764. (Source: Diseases of the Colon and Rectum)
Source: Diseases of the Colon and Rectum - November 8, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Original Contributions: Colorectal Cancer Source Type: research
Basic Science, Epidemiology, and Screening for Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Its Relationship to Anal Squamous Cell Cancer
This article will discuss the epidemiology of ASCC and its association with HPV and the life cycle of the HPV, and the molecular changes that lead to clearance, productive infection, latency, and persistence. The immunology of HPV infection will discuss natural immunity, humoral and cellular immunity, and how the HPV virus evades and interferes with these mechanisms. We will also discuss high-risk factors for developing AIN in high-risk patient populations with relation to infections (HIV, HPV, and chlamydia infections), prolonged immunocompromised people, and sexual behavior and tobacco abuse. We will also discuss the pre...
Source: Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery - November 2, 2018 Category: Surgery Authors: Davis, Kurt G. Orangio, Guy R. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
History of High-Resolution Anoscopy
Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery 2018; 31: 336-346 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1668103High-resolution anoscopy (HRA) is a form of low-resolution anal microscopy currently utilized in the screening and management of anal squamous dysplasia. No randomized controlled trials, national or international guidelines exist on the use of HRA for this purpose. Much of our understanding of this entity has been adapted from the literature on cervical squamous dysplasia, including the technique of HRA itself. Epidemiologic evidence has shown that the prevalence and incidence of anal dysplasia is highest in HIV-positive populations. The histo...
Source: Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery - November 2, 2018 Category: Surgery Authors: Cho, S. David Groves, Emily Lao, Victoria V. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in Pharmacologically Immunocompromised Patients Followed in a Referral Center
CONCLUSIONS:
The presence of anal and/or perianal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or cancer detected by high-resolution anoscopy in this referral population was high, and the detection of new lesions suggests that long-term follow-up is needed. Patients on immunomodulator/immunosuppressive drugs represented only a small percentage of the new referrals to our center. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A748. (Source: Diseases of the Colon and Rectum)
Source: Diseases of the Colon and Rectum - October 9, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: research
Biomarker P16 predicts progression risk of anal low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to determine whether biomarker P16INK4a predicts progression risk for anal low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs).
Design:
A retrospective study.
Methods:
One hundred and nine HIV-infected and 18 HIV-uninfected patients with biopsy-proven anal LSIL at initial screening underwent surveillance high-resolution anoscopy and biopsy within 2 years of diagnosis. P16 immunohistochemistry was performed on index lesions and evaluated using a semi-quantitative scoring system. The association of predictors and lesional outcomes (progression, persistence or regression) was analy...
Source: AIDS - October 5, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research
Determinants of high-grade anal intraepithelial lesions in HIV-positive MSM
Objective:
To assess determinants for histologically proven high-grade anal intraepithelial lesions (hHSIL) in HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM), a population at high-risk of HPV-related anal cancer.
Design:
APACHES is a prospective study of anal HPV and related-lesions in 513 HIV-positive MSM aged at least 35 years in six centres across France.
Methods:
At baseline, participants underwent high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) with biopsy of suspicious lesions, preceded by anal swabs for liquid-based cytology, p16/Ki67 immunostaining, and HPV DNA. hHSIL diagnosis was established by histopathological review pane...
Source: AIDS - October 5, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology and Social Source Type: research
Prevalence of Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in HIV-1–Infected Young Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transwomen
This study was performed to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in sexually active HIV-infected young men who have sex with men and transgender women.
Materials and Methods
We performed a single-center, retrospective study of sexually active HIV-infected young men who have sex with men and transgender women aged 13 to 24 years at an HIV clinic in Atlanta GA from 2009 to 2016. We used analysis of variance and χ2 tests of independence to evaluate bivariate associations and identify demographic, behavioral, and clinical risk factors.
Results
Of 314 subjects with...
Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease - October 1, 2018 Category: OBGYN Tags: Special Edition: Underserved Populations Source Type: research
Facilitators of and barriers to high-resolution anoscopy adherence among men who have sex with men: a qualitative study
This study utilized in-person surveys and focus groups to identify patient-, provider-, and systems-level factors associated with HRA follow-up adherence among men who have sex with men (MSM). Reducing barriers to and reinforcing facilitators of HRA follow up may improve engagement of MSM in anal cancer prevention practices. (Source: Sexual Health)
Source: Sexual Health - September 24, 2018 Category: Sexual Medicine Authors: Kaan Z. Apaydin Andy Nguyen Lori Panther Derri L. Shtasel Sannisha K. Dale Christina P. C. Borba Christopher S. Lathan Kenneth Mayer Alex S. Keuroghlian Source Type: research
Sociodemographic Predictors of Anal Cancer Screening and Follow-up in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Individuals
Conclusions:
High-risk groups for anal cancer should be targeted for preventative measures as part of a cancer prevention plan to decrease the personal and clinical burden associated with anal cancer.
Implications for Practice:
Cancer prevention is a multistep process that requires screening and follow-up efforts, where healthcare providers play a vital role in these efforts. Findings from this study can inform strategies to improve screening and follow-up rates in HIV-infected individuals. (Source: Cancer Nursing)
Source: Cancer Nursing - August 21, 2018 Category: Nursing Tags: Articles Source Type: research
IJERPH, Vol. 15, Pages 1690: Human Papillomavirus-16 DNA Quantitation Differentiates High-Grade Anal Neoplasia
Conclusion: Higher HPV-16 copy numbers corresponded to higher AC and AB grades, suggesting the importance of HPV burden on disease stage. Furthermore, HPV-16 ≥ 65 copies/cell distinguished high-grade disease and demonstrated better sensitivity, specificity, and agreement with AB than AC or qualitative HPV-16 detection. These results support the potential use of HPV quantitation in conjunction with AC in anal dysplasia screening. (Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health)
Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - August 8, 2018 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Melissa Agsalda-Garcia Tiffany Shieh Eleanore Chuang Nicholas Loi Cris Milne Rui Fang Eunjung Lim Jeffrey Killeen Bruce Shiramizu Tags: Article Source Type: research
Acceptability of high ‐resolution anoscopy for anal cancer screening in HIV‐infected patients
HIV Medicine, EarlyView. (Source: HIV Medicine)
Source: HIV Medicine - August 7, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: JO Lam
,
GM Barnell
,
M Merchant
,
CG Ellis
,
MJ Silverberg Source Type: research
