Segmental approach to congenital heart disease

Segmental approach to congenital heart disease
Segmental approach is used routinely in the echocardiographic evaluation of congenital heart disease. It is also useful in other cardiac imaging modalities used for evaluation of congenital heart disease like computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Chest X-ray is useful in evaluating the cardiac position and visceral situs as it gives an overview of cardiac position in the thorax, position of left and right bronchi, aortic arch, liver and stomach air bubble [1].
Here is a chest X-ray in mesocardia with levo transposition of great arteries:
X-ray chest PA showing mesocardia with L-TGA and L-posed aorta seen as a bulge along left upper border
Here is another chest X-ray showing right aortic arch in tetralogy of Fallot:
Tetralogy of Fallot – Right aortic arch and lifted up right ventricular type of apex
In both these cases, the visceral situs is solitus, as the stomach bubble is on the left side and liver shadow on the right side.
Abnormalities in situs can be situs inversus and situs ambiguous. Visceroatrial situs refers to the position of the atria in relation to stomach, spleen, liver and bronchi. In visceroatrial concordance, atrial situs corresponds to that of other viscera. If it is not so, it is called visceroatrial discordance. The left lung has two lobes and a relatively longer bronchus which is below the left pulmonary artery. This is known as hyparterial bronchus. Right lung has three lobes and a wider, shor...

Source: Cardiophile MD - July 17, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis Tags: Echocardiography Source Type: blogs