A Review on Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Linked to the Development of Diabetes Complications.

A Review on Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Linked to the Development of Diabetes Complications. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2020 Nov 03;: Authors: Babel RA, Dandekar MP Abstract Modern lifestyle, changing eating habits and reduced physical work have been known to culminate into making diabetes a global pandemic. Hyperglycemia during the course of diabetes is an important causative factor for the development of both microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) and macrovascular (coronary artery disease, stroke and peripheral artery disease) complications. In this article, we summarize several mechanisms accountable for the development of both microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Several metabolic and cellular events are linked to the augmentation of oxidative stress like the activation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) pathway, polyol pathway, protein kinase C (PKC) pathway, poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) and hexosamine pathway. Oxidative stress also leads to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion and peroxides. Enhanced levels of ROS rescind the anti-oxidant defence mechanisms associated with superoxide dismutase, glutathione and ascorbic acid. Moreover, ROS triggers oxidative damages at the level of DNA, protein and lipids which eventually cause cell necrosis or apoptosis. These physiological insults may be related to the microvascular complications of ...
Source: Current Diabetes Reviews - Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tags: Curr Diabetes Rev Source Type: research