Cutting the edge between cancerogenesis and organogenesis of the pancreatic endocrine lineage allocation —comprehensive review of the genes Synaptotagmin 13 and 533041C22 Rik in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

AbstractIn the past years, a multitude of studies has been published in the field of pancreatic organogenesis to interrogate the critical regulators of endocrine lineage segregation. Preliminary, transcription factors are guiding the transcriptional hierarchy of the endocrine specified cells, underpinning the importance of open chromatin formation. Signaling pathways either inhibit or accelerate the transcriptional landscape of pancreatic organogenesis. Thus, the fine-tuned process in the former pancreatic multipotent progenitors in the mechanism of lineage segregation needs to be elucidated more precisely for unraveling the temporal-spatial lineage-determining factors.Previously, Willmann et al. described candidate gene regulators of lineage segregation during the secondary transition of pancreatic organogenesis. At embryonic stage (E) 12.5, the former multipotent pancreatic progenitor compartmentalizes into the acinar, ductal, and endocrine lineage. In the adult pancreatic gland, acinar cells secrete enzymes that are transported by the duct to the duodenum. In contrast, the endocrine cells are clustered within the acinar tissue in the Islets of Langerhans. These Islets of Langerhans consist of a subset of α, δ, ε, and PP cells and β cells, and the function of the α and β cells is predominantly described by regulating glucose homeostasis, contrary, the function of the additional subtypes in the Islets of Langerhans remains still unclear and is rather pointing to a supp...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research