Revisiting clinical practice in therapeutic drug monitoring of first-generation antiepileptic drugs

AbstractDue to the complex and diverse nature of epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), the implementation of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can contribute significantly to the overall improvement of clinical outcome in epilepsy. Establishing and interpreting an individual serum drug concentration range by TDM is beneficial to prevent recurrence of epilepsy, as well as to avoid adverse drug effects. It enables optimization of dosage regimen, especially in case of drugs that follow non-linear pharmacokinetics, and in special populations such as pregnancy, pediatrics, geriatrics, critically ill, and liver and renal impairment. This review summarizes the ongoing clinical practice utilizing TDM of first-generation or conventional AEDs, such as valproic acid, phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, primidone, ethosuximide, clonazepam, clobazam, piracetam, and sulthiame. Prospective and retrospective data describing the serum drug concentration –efficacy–toxicity relationship, pharmacokinetic parameters, activity of metabolites, overdose and treatment, and drugs that alter pharmacokinetics, have been described. The therapeutic decision should not be finalized based on serum drug concentration alone; other important factors to be consid ered are clinical laboratory data, patient history, signs and symptoms, pharmacogenetics, and electroencephalogram.
Source: Drugs and Therapy Perspectives - Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research