Influence of pre-existing hypertension on neuroendocrine and cardiovascular changes evoked by chronic stress in female rats

Clinical and preclinical studies have indicated that the complications related to stress are determined by characteristics of the aversive stimulus, such as type, duration, frequency, controllability, and intensity (Crestani, 2016; Koolhaas et al., 2011; Steptoe and Kivim äki, 2012). The influence of predictability on animal models has been investigated by comparing the effects of chronic stressors involving daily exposure to the same type of aversive stimuli (i.e., homotypic/predictable) versus different stressors (i.e., heterotypic/unpredictable) (Crestani, 2016).
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - Category: Psychiatry Authors: Source Type: research