Molecular Imaging of Stem Cells and Exosomes for Myocardial Regeneration

AbstractPurpose of ReviewStem cell therapy is studied for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Despite high expectations, investigation has yielded mixed results. For further advancement of this field, it is essential to understand the fate of the transplanted stem cells in living subjects. A myriad of tools has been developed to allow for the immediate and longitudinal monitoring of stem cells in vivo. In this review, we outline the most reliable techniques and their implications for cardiac regenerative medicine.Recent FindingsDirect (e.g., PET/SPECT, MRI) and indirect labeling (e.g., reporter gene) techniques have existed for decades prior to their use in stem cell imaging. In this review, we describe some of the key developments in the context of stem cell therapy for cardiac ischemia, including new contrast agents (MRI, SPECT) and novel reporter genes (e.g., near-infrared fluorescent protein). Furthermore, we discuss innovative techniques that integrate direct and indirect labeling, such as PET reporter gene systems. Finally, we examine the potential of exosomes, a component of the stem cell secretome, which has recently garnered much attention for its potential in myocardial regeneration, and how they may be imaged in vivo.SummaryThis review outlines the most reliable techniques for stem cell imaging in cardiac injury animal models, new and notable advancements in the field, and possible directions for cardiac regenerative medicine.
Source: Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports - Category: Radiology Source Type: research