Identification of the pyridoxal 5 ′‐phosphate allosteric site in human pyridox(am)ine 5′‐phosphate oxidase

AbstractAdequate levels of pyridoxal 5 ′-phosphate (PLP), the catalytically active form of vitamin B6, and its proper distribution in the body are essential for human health. The PLP recycling pathway plays a crucial role in these processes and its defects cause severe neurological diseases. The enzyme pyridox(am)ine 5 ′-phosphate oxidase (PNPO), whose catalytic action yields PLP, is one of the key players in this pathway. Mutations in the gene encoding PNPO are responsible for a severe form of neonatal epilepsy. Recently, PNPO has also been described as a potential target for chemotherapeutic agents. Our labora tory has highlighted the crucial role of PNPO in the regulation of PLP levels in the cell, which occurs via a feedback inhibition mechanism of the enzyme, exerted by binding of PLP at an allosteric site. Through docking analyses and site-directed mutagenesis experiments, here we identified the allos teric PLP binding site of human PNPO. This site is located in the same protein region as the allosteric site we previously identified in theEscherichia coli enzyme homologue. However, the identity and arrangement of the amino acid residues involved in PLP binding are completely different and resemble those of the active site of PLP-dependent enzymes. The identification of the PLP allosteric site of human PNPO paves the way for the rational design of enzyme inhibitors as potential anti-cancer compounds.
Source: Protein Science - Category: Biochemistry Authors: Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research