Adjusting Macrophages to an Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype Improves Pathology Following a Heart Attack

In this study, apoptotic bodies-mimetic nanovesicles derived from apoptotic fibroblasts (ApoNVs) conjugated with dextran and ischemic cardiac homing peptide (CHP) (ApoNV-DCs) for ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-injured heart treatment are developed. Intravenously injected ApoNV-DCs actively targeted the ischemic myocardium via conjugation with CHP, and are selectively phagocytosed by macrophages in an infarcted myocardium via conjugation with dextran. ApoNV-DCs polarized macrophages from the M1 to M2 phenotype, resulting in the attenuation of inflammation. Four weeks after injection, ApoNV-DCs attenuated cardiac remodeling, preserved blood vessels, and prevented cardiac function exacerbation in IR-injured hearts. Taken together, the findings may open a new avenue for immunomodulation using targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory nanovesicles that can be universally applied for various inflammatory diseases. Link: https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202210864
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