Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 
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CONCLUSIONS: This review, limited to two well-designed randomised controlled studies, shows no evidence to support the routine use of BAL for the diagnosis and management of pulmonary infection in preschool children with CF compared to the standard practice of providing treatment based on results of oropharyngeal culture and clinical symptoms. No evidence is available for adults.PMID:38700027 | PMC:PMC11066959 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD009530.pub5 (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 3, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Kamini Jain Claire E Wainwright Alan R Smyth Source Type: research
Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients
CONCLUSIONS: Prophylaxis with antiviral medications reduces CMV disease and CMV-associated death, compared with placebo or no treatment, in solid organ transplant recipients. These data support the continued routine use of antiviral prophylaxis in CMV-positive recipients and CMV-negative recipients of CMV-positive organ transplants.PMID:38700045 | PMC:PMC11066972 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003774.pub5 (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 3, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Robin Wm Vernooij Mini Michael Maleeka Ladhani Angela C Webster Giovanni Fm Strippoli Jonathan C Craig Elisabeth M Hodson Source Type: research
Bronchoscopy-guided antimicrobial therapy for cystic fibrosis
CONCLUSIONS: This review, limited to two well-designed randomised controlled studies, shows no evidence to support the routine use of BAL for the diagnosis and management of pulmonary infection in preschool children with CF compared to the standard practice of providing treatment based on results of oropharyngeal culture and clinical symptoms. No evidence is available for adults.PMID:38700027 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD009530.pub5 (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 3, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Kamini Jain Claire E Wainwright Alan R Smyth Source Type: research
Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients
CONCLUSIONS: Prophylaxis with antiviral medications reduces CMV disease and CMV-associated death, compared with placebo or no treatment, in solid organ transplant recipients. These data support the continued routine use of antiviral prophylaxis in CMV-positive recipients and CMV-negative recipients of CMV-positive organ transplants.PMID:38700045 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003774.pub5 (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 3, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Robin Wm Vernooij Mini Michael Maleeka Ladhani Angela C Webster Giovanni Fm Strippoli Jonathan C Craig Elisabeth M Hodson Source Type: research
Bronchoscopy-guided antimicrobial therapy for cystic fibrosis
CONCLUSIONS: This review, limited to two well-designed randomised controlled studies, shows no evidence to support the routine use of BAL for the diagnosis and management of pulmonary infection in preschool children with CF compared to the standard practice of providing treatment based on results of oropharyngeal culture and clinical symptoms. No evidence is available for adults.PMID:38700027 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD009530.pub5 (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 3, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Kamini Jain Claire E Wainwright Alan R Smyth Source Type: research
Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients
CONCLUSIONS: Prophylaxis with antiviral medications reduces CMV disease and CMV-associated death, compared with placebo or no treatment, in solid organ transplant recipients. These data support the continued routine use of antiviral prophylaxis in CMV-positive recipients and CMV-negative recipients of CMV-positive organ transplants.PMID:38700045 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003774.pub5 (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 3, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Robin Wm Vernooij Mini Michael Maleeka Ladhani Angela C Webster Giovanni Fm Strippoli Jonathan C Craig Elisabeth M Hodson Source Type: research
Daratumumab and antineoplastic therapy versus antineoplastic therapy only for adults with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma ineligible for transplant
CONCLUSIONS: Overall analysis of four studies showed a potential benefit for daratumumab in terms of overall survival and progression-free survival and a slight potential benefit in quality of life. Participants treated with daratumumab probably experience increased serious adverse events. There were likely no differences between groups in adverse events (CTCAE grade ≥ 3); however, there are probably more infections (CTCAE grade ≥ 3) in participants treated with daratumumab. We identified six ongoing studies which might strengthen the certainty of evidence in a future update of this review.PMID:38695605 | DOI:10.1002/1...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 2, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Peter Langer Lukas John Ina Monsef Christof Scheid Vanessa Piechotta Nicole Skoetz Source Type: research
The role of sealants for achieving anastomotic hemostasis in vascular surgery
CONCLUSIONS: Based on meta-analysis of 24 trials with 2376 participants, our review demonstrated that sealant use for achieving anastomotic hemostasis in vascular surgery patients may result in reduced time to hemostasis, and may reduce rates of hemostatic intervention failure, although the evidence is very uncertain, when compared to standard controls. Our analysis showed there may be no differences in intraoperative blood loss, operating time, postoperative bleeding up to 30 days, and unplanned return to the operating room for bleeding complications up to 30 days. Deaths and quality of life could not be analyzed. Limitat...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 2, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Gar-Way Ma Andrew Kucey Sam C Tyagi Giuseppe Papia Daryl S Kucey Ramon L Varcoe Thomas Forbes Richard Neville Andrew D Dueck Ahmed Kayssi Source Type: research
Personal protective equipment for preventing asbestos exposure in workers
CONCLUSIONS: Where the outside asbestos concentration is below 0.1 f/cm3, SARS and PAPRs likely reduce exposure to below the proposed OEL of 0.01 f/cm3. For outside concentrations up to 10 f/cm3, all respirators may reduce exposure below the current OEL, but only SAR also below the proposed OEL. In band 5 (10 to < 100 f/cm3), full-face filtering masks may not reduce asbestos exposure below either OEL, SARs likely reduce exposure below both OELs, and there were no data for PAPRs. In band 6 (100 f/cm3 to < 1000 f/cm3), PAPRs may not reduce exposure below either OEL, and there were no data for full-face filtering masks ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 2, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Lea Belackova Jos H Verbeek Jan L Hoving Henk F van der Molen Diana Gagliardi Stefania Curti Carel Tj Hulshof Paul Tj Scheepers Source Type: research
Dexmedetomidine for analgesia and sedation in newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the increasing use of dexmedetomidine, there is insufficient evidence supporting its routine use for analgesia and sedation in newborn infants on mechanical ventilation. Furthermore, data on dexmedetomidine safety are scarce, and there are no data available on its long-term effects. Future studies should address the efficacy, safety, and long-term effects of dexmedetomidine as a single drug therapy for sedation and analgesia in newborn infants.PMID:38695625 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD012361.pub2 (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 2, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Jia Yi Lim Chin Jin Ker Nai Ming Lai Olga Romantsik Michelle Fiander Kenneth Tan Source Type: research
Non-invasive high-frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress
CONCLUSIONS: For initial RS, we are very uncertain if using nHFV compared to invasive respiratory therapy affects clinical outcomes. However, nHFV may reduce intubation when compared to nCPAP. For planned extubation, nHFV may reduce the risk of reintubation compared to nCPAP and nIPPV. nHFV may reduce the risk of CLD when compared to nCPAP. Following initial non-invasive respiratory support failure, nHFV when compared to nIPPV may result in little to no difference in intubation. Large trials, particularly in high-income settings, are needed to determine the role of nHFV in initial RS and following the failure of other non-...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 2, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Mohamed E Abdel-Latif Olive Tan Michelle Fiander David A Osborn Source Type: research
Risk assessment for aggressive behaviour in schizophrenia
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the available evidence, it is not possible to conclude that structured aggression or violence risk assessment methods are effective for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses. Future work should combine the use of interventions and structured risk assessment methods to prevent aggressive incidents in psychiatric inpatient settings.PMID:38695777 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD012397.pub2 (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 2, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Maritta V älimäki Tella Lantta Raija Kontio Source Type: research
Respiratory syncytial virus vaccination during pregnancy for improving infant outcomes
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this review suggest that maternal RSV vaccination reduces laboratory-confirmed RSV hospitalisations in infants. There are no safety concerns about intrauterine growth restriction and congenital abnormalities. We must be careful in drawing conclusions about other safety outcomes owing to the low and very low certainty of the evidence. The evidence available to date suggests RSV vaccination may have little or no effect on stillbirth, maternal death, and infant death (although the evidence for infant death is very uncertain). However, there may be a safety signal warranting further investigation r...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 2, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Emily Wem Phijffer Odette de Bruin Fariba Ahmadizar Louis J Bont Nicoline At Van der Maas Miriam Cjm Sturkenboom Joanne G Wildenbeest Kitty Wm Bloemenkamp Source Type: research
Effects of additional exercise therapy after a successful vascular intervention for people with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease
CONCLUSIONS: There is very uncertain evidence that additional exercise therapy after successful lower limb revascularisation may improve absolute maximal walking distance at the end of follow-up compared to standard care. Evidence is also very uncertain about the effects of exercise on pain-free walking distance, six-minute walk test distance, quality of life, ankle-brachial index, mortality, and reintervention rates. Although it is not possible to confirm the effectiveness of supervised exercise compared to standard care for all outcomes, studies did not report any harm to participants from this intervention after lower l...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 2, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Gabriel Cucato Paulo Pl Longano Daniel Perren Raphael M Ritti-Dias John M Saxton Source Type: research
Measures implemented in the school setting to contain the COVID-19 pandemic
CONCLUSIONS: A range of measures can have a beneficial effect on transmission-related outcomes, healthcare utilization and school attendance. We rated the current findings at a higher level of certainty than the original review. Further high-quality research into school measures to control SARS-CoV-2 in a wider variety of contexts is needed to develop a more evidence-based understanding of how to keep schools open safely during COVID-19 or a similar public health emergency.PMID:38695826 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD015029.pub2 (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 2, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Hannah Littlecott Shari Krishnaratne Jacob Burns Eva Rehfuess Kerstin Sell Carmen Klinger Brigitte Strahwald Ani Movsisyan Maria-Inti Metzendorf Petra Schoenweger Stephan Voss Michaela Coenen Roxana M üller-Eberstein Lisa M Pfadenhauer Source Type: research
