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Reviewer training for improving grant and journal peer review
CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from 10 RCTs suggests that training peer reviewers may lead to little or no improvement in the quality of peer review. There is a need for studies with more participants and a broader spectrum of valid and reliable outcome measures. Studies evaluating stakeholders' assessments of the quality of peer review should ensure that these instruments have sufficient levels of validity and reliability.PMID:38014743 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.MR000056.pub2 (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Jan-Ole Hesselberg Therese K Dalsb ø Hilde Stromme Ida Svege Atle Fretheim Source Type: research

Red flags to screen for vertebral fracture in patients presenting with low-back pain
CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence does not support the use of many red flags to specifically screen for vertebral fracture in patients presenting for LBP. Based on evidence from single studies, few individual red flags appear informative as most have poor diagnostic accuracy as indicated by imprecise estimates of likelihood ratios. When combinations of red flags were used the performance appeared to improve. From the limited evidence, the findings give rise to a weak recommendation that a combination of a small subset of red flags may be useful to screen for vertebral fracture. It should also be noted that many red flags...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 28, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Christopher M Williams Nicholas Henschke Christopher G Maher Maurits W van Tulder Bart W Koes Petra Macaskill Les Irwig Source Type: research

Perceptions and experiences of the prevention, detection, and management of postpartum haemorrhage: a qualitative evidence synthesis
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight how improving PPH prevention, detection, and management is underpinned by a complex system of interacting roles and behaviours (community, women, health workers of different types and with different experiences). Multiple individual, sociocultural, and environmental factors influence the decisions and behaviours of women, families, communities, health workers, and managers. It is crucial to consider the broader health and social systems when designing and implementing PPH interventions to change or influence these behaviours. We have developed a set of prompts that may help programme man...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 27, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Shahinoor Akter Gillian Forbes Martha Vazquez Corona Suellen Miller Fernando Althabe Arri Coomarasamy Ioannis D Gallos Olufemi T Oladapo Joshua P Vogel Fabiana Lorencatto Meghan A Bohren Source Type: research

Mesh versus non-mesh for emergency groin hernia repair
CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that in terms of 30-day surgical site infections, 30-day mortality, and hernia recurrence within one year, the evidence for the use of mesh hernia repair compared with non-mesh hernia repair in emergency groin hernia surgery is very uncertain. Unfortunately, firm conclusions cannot be drawn due to very low-certainty evidence and meta-analyses based on small-sized and low-quality studies. There is a need for future high-quality RCTs or high-quality registry-based studies if RCTs are unfeasible.PMID:38009575 | PMC:PMC10680123 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD015160.pub2 (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 27, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Ann Hou S æter Siv Fonnes Shuqing Li Jacob Rosenberg Kristoffer Andresen Source Type: research