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Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children
CONCLUSIONS: Moderate-certainty evidence showed that non-surgical orthodontic treatments (which included facemask, reverse Twin Block, orthodontic removable traction appliance, chin cup, tandem traction bow appliance and mandibular headgear) improved the bite and jaw relationship immediately post-treatment. Low-certainty evidence showed surgical orthodontic treatments were also effective. One study measured longer-term outcomes and found that the benefit from facemask was reduced three years after treatment, and appeared to be lost by six years. However, participants receiving facemask treatment were judged by clinicians t...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 10, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Darren Owens Simon Watkinson Jayne E Harrison Sarah Turner Helen V Worthington Source Type: research

Midwife continuity of care models versus other models of care for childbearing women
CONCLUSIONS: Women receiving midwife continuity of care models were less likely to experience a caesarean section and instrumental birth, and may be less likely to experience episiotomy. They were more likely to experience spontaneous vaginal birth and report a positive experience. The certainty of some findings varies due to possible risks of bias, inconsistencies, and imprecision of some estimates. Future research should focus on the impact on women with social risk factors, and those at higher risk of complications, and implementation and scaling up of midwife continuity of care models, with emphasis on low- and middle-...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 10, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Jane Sandall Cristina Fernandez Turienzo Declan Devane Hora Soltani Paddy Gillespie Simon Gates Leanne V Jones Andrew H Shennan Hannah Rayment-Jones Source Type: research

Workplace interventions to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside of healthcare settings
CONCLUSIONS: We are uncertain whether a test-based attendance policy affects rates of PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection (any infection; symptomatic infection) compared to standard 10-day self-isolation amongst school and college staff. A test-based attendance policy may result in little to no difference in absenteeism rates compared to standard 10-day self-isolation. The non-randomised study included in our updated search did not report any outcome of interest for this Cochrane review. As a large part of the population is exposed in the case of a pandemic, an apparently small relative effect that would not be worthwhile fr...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 10, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Alexandru Marian Constantin Kukuh Noertjojo Isolde Sommer Ana Beatriz Pizarro Emma Persad Solange Durao Barbara Nussbaumer-Streit Damien M McElvenny Sarah Rhodes Craig Martin Olivia Sampson Karsten Juhl J ørgensen Matteo Bruschettini Source Type: research

Wolbachia-carrying Aedes mosquitoes for preventing dengue infection
CONCLUSIONS: The included trial demonstrates the potential significant impact of wMel-Wolbachia-carrying Ae aegypti mosquitoes on preventing dengue infection in an endemic setting, and supports evidence reported in non-randomized and uncontrolled studies. Further trials across a greater diversity of settings are required to confirm whether these findings apply to other locations and country settings, and greater reporting of acceptability and cost are important.PMID:38597256 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD015636.pub2 (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 10, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Tilly Fox Yanina Sguassero Marty Chaplin Winsley Rose Dyna Doum Ingrid Arevalo-Rodriguez Gemma Villanueva Source Type: research

Corticosteroids for the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: an overview of systematic reviews
CONCLUSIONS: This overview summarises the evidence of nine SRs investigating the effect of postnatal corticosteroids in preterm infants at risk for BPD. Late initiated (≥ seven days after birth) systemic administration of dexamethasone is considered an effective intervention to reduce the risk of BPD in infants with a high risk profile for BPD, based on a favourable balance between benefits and harms. Endotracheal instillation of corticosteroids (budesonide) with surfactant as a carrier is a promising intervention, based on the beneficial effect on desirable outcomes without (so far) negative side effects. Pending result...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 10, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Moniek van de Loo Anton van Kaam Martin Offringa Lex W Doyle Chris Cooper Wes Onland Source Type: research

Inhaled bronchodilators for the prevention and treatment of chronic lung disease in preterm infants
CONCLUSIONS: Low-certainty evidence from one trial showed that inhaled bronchodilator prophylaxis may result in little or no difference in the incidence of mortality or CLD in preterm infants, when compared to placebo. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of salbutamol on pneumothorax, and neither included study reported on the incidence of serious adverse effects. We identified no trials that studied the use of bronchodilator therapy for the treatment of CLD. Additional clinical trials are necessary to assess the role of bronchodilator agents in the prophylaxis or treatment of CLD. Researchers studying the effe...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 9, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Geraldine Ng Matteo Bruschettini John Ibrahim Orlando da Silva Source Type: research

Etidronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women
CONCLUSIONS: This update echoes the key findings of our previous review that etidronate probably makes or may make little to no difference to vertebral and non-vertebral fractures for both primary and secondary prevention.PMID:38591743 | PMC:PMC11003221 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003376.pub4 (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 9, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: George A Wells Shu-Ching Hsieh Joan Peterson Carine Zheng Shannon E Kelly Beverley Shea Peter Tugwell Source Type: research

Etidronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women
CONCLUSIONS: This update echoes the key findings of our previous review that etidronate probably makes or may make little to no difference to vertebral and non-vertebral fractures for both primary and secondary prevention.PMID:38591743 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003376.pub4 (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 9, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: George A Wells Shu-Ching Hsieh Joan Peterson Carine Zheng Shannon E Kelly Beverley Shea Peter Tugwell Source Type: research

Home versus in-centre haemodialysis for people with kidney failure
CONCLUSIONS: Based on low to very low certainty evidence, HHD, compared with ICHD, has uncertain associations or may be associated with decreased cardiovascular and all-cause death, hospitalisation rate, slower post-dialysis recovery time, and decreased SBP and LVMI. HHD has uncertain cost-effectiveness compared with ICHD in the first and second years of treatment. The majority of studies included in this review were observational and subject to potential selection bias and confounding, especially as patients treated with HHD tended to be younger with fewer comorbidities. Variation from study to study in the choice of outc...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 8, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Melissa S Cheetham Isabelle Ethier Rathika Krishnasamy Yeoungjee Cho Suetonia C Palmer David W Johnson Jonathan C Craig Paul Stroumza Luc Frantzen Jorgen Hegbrant Giovanni Fm Strippoli Source Type: research

Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery
CONCLUSIONS: We were unable to determine if parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition, immune-enhancing nutrition or standard oral nutrition supplements have any effect on the clinical outcomes due to very low-certainty evidence. There is some evidence that standard oral nutrition supplements may have no effect on complications. Sensitivity analysis showed standard oral nutrition supplements probably reduced infections in weight-losing or malnourished participants. Further high-quality multicentre research considering the ERAS programme is required and further research in low- and middle-income countries is needed.PMID:38588...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 8, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Anne Marie Sowerbutts Sorrel Burden Jana Sremanakova Chloe French Stephen R Knight Ewen M Harrison Source Type: research

Physical exercise for people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
CONCLUSIONS: We found evidence of beneficial effects on the severity of motor signs and QoL for most types of physical exercise for people with PD included in this review, but little evidence of differences between these interventions. Thus, our review highlights the importance of physical exercise regarding our primary outcomes severity of motor signs and QoL, while the exact exercise type might be secondary. Notably, this conclusion is consistent with the possibility that specific motor symptoms may be treated most effectively by PD-specific programs. Although the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of exercise o...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 8, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Moritz Ernst Ann-Kristin Folkerts Romina Gollan Emma Lieker Julia Caro-Valenzuela Anne Adams Nora Cryns Ina Monsef Antje Dresen Mandy Roheger Carsten Eggers Nicole Skoetz Elke Kalbe Source Type: research

Psychological interventions for depression and anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease, heart failure or atrial fibrillation
CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence suggests that psychological interventions for depression and anxiety probably result in a moderate reduction in depression and anxiety and may result in a moderate improvement in HRQoL MCS, compared to no intervention. However, they may have little to no effect on HRQoL PCS and MACE, and probably do not reduce mortality (all-cause) in adults who have a diagnosis of CHD or HF, compared with no psychological intervention. There was moderate to substantial heterogeneity identified across studies. Thus, evidence of treatment effects on these outcomes warrants careful interpretation. As there were ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 5, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Chantal F Ski Rod S Taylor Karen McGuigan Linda Long Jeffrey D Lambert Suzanne H Richards David R Thompson Source Type: research