Towards Small Molecules that Induce Expression of Reprogramming Factor OCT4
Reprogramming involves inducing expression of reprogramming factors, canonically OSKM (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC), the Yamanaka factors. When expressed for a sufficiently long time, a period of days to weeks, some fraction of OSKM-expressing cells dedifferentiate into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Before that happens, however, beneficial epigenetic changes occur, resetting a cell to a more youthful pattern of gene expression, resulting in improvements such as restored mitophagy and mitochondrial function. The present focus of the industry is to find a way to safely apply transient exposure to reprogramming factor...
Source: Fight Aging! - June 7, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Slideshow: Breathtaking Brains
The average human brain is only about 3 pounds, but this complex organ punches well above its weight, acting as the control center for the whole body. Many of the brain’s intricacies still aren’t fully understood. To gain more insight into brain processes, scientists often peer into the brains of research organisms such as fruit flies and mice. These organisms have shed light on how our brains maintain circadian rhythms, how neuropsychiatric disorders develop, and more.
Here, we feature images and videos that NIGMS-supported researchers have created while investigating the secrets of the brain in research organi...
Source: Biomedical Beat Blog - National Institute of General Medical Sciences - June 7, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Chrissa Chverchko Tags: Cells Cool Images Cool Videos Research Organisms Source Type: blogs
Smart Sutures Sense Inflammation, Deliver Drugs, Cells
Researchers at MIT have developed smart sutures with a hydrogel coating that contains sensing and drug delivery components, and could even be used to implant therapeutic cells. The sutures are made using pig tissues that have been decellularized with detergents to reduce the possibility that they could provoke an immune reaction. The surrounding hydrogel layer contains microparticles that can release peptides when enzymes involved in inflammation are present, and other microparticles that allow for controlled release of drugs. Another potential cargo is therapeutic stem cells that can assist with tissue repair. So far, the...
Source: Medgadget - May 30, 2023 Category: Medical Devices Authors: Conn Hastings Tags: GI Materials Medicine Surgery mit sutures Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, May 29th 2023
In this study, we used a Drosophila model to understand the role of the dec2P384R mutation on animal health and elucidate the mechanisms driving these physiological changes. We found that the expression of the mammalian dec2P384R transgene in fly sleep neurons was sufficient to mimic the short sleep phenotype observed in mammals. Remarkably, dec2P384Rmutants lived significantly longer with improved health despite sleeping less. In particular, dec2P384R mutants were more stress resistant and displayed improved mitochondrial fitness in flight muscles. Differential gene expression analyses went on to reveal several altered tr...
Source: Fight Aging! - May 28, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Reviewing the Complexity of Immunosenescence
The immune system becomes more inflammatory and less competent with advancing age, undergoing sweeping changes in immune cell characteristics and relative population sizes. The cells, structures, and processes that produce immune cells similarly undergo significant changes. Taken together, this is called immunosenescence, though many researchers choose to break out the inflammatory component of dysfunction into its own category, calling it inflammaging. One of the most important goals for the research community is to find ways to improve immune function in older people.
Evidently, the decline of the immune system is...
Source: Fight Aging! - May 22, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, May 22nd 2023
Conclusions to be Drawn
A High Fat Diet Accelerates Atherosclerosis Less Directly than One Might Suspect
How to Construct Measures of Biological Age
A Long-Term Comparison of Metformin in Diabetics with Non-Diabetic Controls
In Search of Distinctive Features of the Gut Microbiome in Long-Lived Individuals
Greater Fitness in Humans Implies a Younger Epigenome and Transcriptome
Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction as a Feature of Aging in Many Species
NAFLD as an Age-Related Condition
Towards Sensory Hair Cell Regeneration in the Inner Ear
Raised Leve...
Source: Fight Aging! - May 21, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Towards Sensory Hair Cell Regeneration in the Inner Ear
Numerous forms of deafness, including age-related hearing loss, involve either loss of hair cells in the inner ear or loss of their axonal connections to the brain. These cells do not normally regenerate in mammals, and there is some interest in finding a way to bypass the suppression mechanisms that allow growth of hair cells during development but prevent regrowth during adult life. Approaches that show promise in animal studies include stem cell transplants, gene therapies, and small molecules targeting regulatory pathways. Here, researchers report on the ability of a mix of small molecules and siRNAs to produce regener...
Source: Fight Aging! - May 18, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, May 15th 2023
In this study, we examined the average telomere length and telomerase activity, as well as the formation of telomere associated foci (TAFs) and the mRNA expression levels of the shelterin components in cultured primary cells of Spalax, a long-lived, hypoxia-tolerant, and cancer-resistant blind mole-rat species.
We showed that with cell passages, Spalax fibroblasts demonstrated significant shortening in telomere length, similar to rat cells, and in line with the processes observed earlier in tissues. We also demonstrated that the average telomere length in Spalax fibroblasts was significantly higher than the average ...
Source: Fight Aging! - May 14, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Knowing Both a Great Deal and Too Little About the Mechanisms of Sarcopenia
Today's open access paper is a tour of the better known mechanisms of post-translational modification of proteins, and their relevance to the universal age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, the onset of sarcopenia. It is a good example of the state of knowledge in much of the life sciences, where it is possible to know both a great deal and very little about an important topic such as maintenance of muscle tissue.
Thus one can find any number of papers in which specific mechanisms of post-translational modification when applied to specific proteins are investigated in connection to the regulation of muscle g...
Source: Fight Aging! - May 12, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
The Relationship Between Telomere Length and Replicative Senescence is Quite Different in Blind Mole Rats
In this study, we examined the average telomere length and telomerase activity, as well as the formation of telomere associated foci (TAFs) and the mRNA expression levels of the shelterin components in cultured primary cells of Spalax, a long-lived, hypoxia-tolerant, and cancer-resistant blind mole-rat species.
We showed that with cell passages, Spalax fibroblasts demonstrated significant shortening in telomere length, similar to rat cells, and in line with the processes observed earlier in tissues. We also demonstrated that the average telomere length in Spalax fibroblasts was significantly higher than the average ...
Source: Fight Aging! - May 9, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, May 8th 2023
In conclusion, NAT mitigated age-associated cerebral injury in mice through gut-brain axis. The findings provide novel evidence for the effect of NAT on anti-aging, and highlight the potential application of NAT as an effective intervention against age-related diseases.
Retinal Cell Reprogramming Restores Vision in Non-Human Primate Study
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2023/05/retinal-cell-reprogramming-restores-vision-in-non-human-primate-study/
Early applications of in vivo cellular reprogramming to medicine are cautiously focused on retinal regeneration. The eye is as close to an isolated system...
Source: Fight Aging! - May 7, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Osteopontin is Involved in Macrophage Senescence in Aging Fat Tissue
Visceral fat tissue generates inflammation through a range of mechanisms, and this only becomes worse with advancing age. The more visceral fat tissue, the worse the long-term consequences for metabolism, driven by inflammatory signaling. One of these mechanisms is that fat tissue provokes a greater burden of cellular senescence, cells that shut down replication and focus their energies on generating disruptive pro-inflammatory signals. This tendency increases with age.
Today's open access paper focuses on the regulation of macrophage senescence in fat tissue, and identifies rising levels of osteopontin with age as ...
Source: Fight Aging! - May 5, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
A List of Trials of Stem Cell Therapies Aimed at Slowing Aging
To what degree can the current panoply of stem cell therapies slow the progression of aging? A great many trials have been conducted, largely of cell therapies wherein the principle mode of action is reduction of chronic inflammatory signaling. This has value, but it remains the case that the original vision of greatly enhanced regeneration and transplanted cells surviving to support tissue for the long term has yet to be realized. The paper here provides a concrete list of trials and various different strategies for the production of first generation stem cell therapies; good reading for those interested in seeking out th...
Source: Fight Aging! - May 5, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Advantages of Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)
This is a 15-year-old post about LVH, written in 2008. Few of my colleagues, now agree with this, but still hesitate to oblige in the open, suggesting it is too good to be true! Re-posting it for your own assessment. Surprised, why cardiology community didn’t consider this observation worthy to pursue.
Advantages of Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)
Left ventricular hypertrophy is one of the most common clinical cardiac entity.It is recognised either by ECG or echocardiography.LVH has a unique place in cardiology as it can imply a grossly pathological state or a marker of healthy heart as in physiologica...
Source: Dr.S.Venkatesan MD - May 4, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: dr s venkatesan Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, May 1st 2023
In conclusion, frailty progression accelerates in males with one LTCs and females with two LTCs or more. Health providers should be aware of planning a suitable intervention once the elderly have two or more health conditions.
Plasma Transfer Lowers Epigenetic Age and Mortality in Rats
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2023/04/plasma-transfer-lowers-epigenetic-age-and-mortality-in-rats/
Plasma transfer from young to old individuals has produced mixed results in animals and little to no benefit in humans where assessed rigorously. These studies were driven by the hypothesis that young plasma contains m...
Source: Fight Aging! - April 30, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
