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Total 6850766 results found since Jan 2013.

The Future Is Now: Biologics for Non-Infectious Pediatric Anterior Uveitis.
Abstract Anterior uveitis (AU), inflammation of the iris, choroid or ciliary body, can cause significant eye morbidity, including visual loss. In the pediatric age group, the most common underlying diagnosis for AU is juvenile idiopathic associated uveitis and idiopathic AU, which are the focus of this paper. AU is often resistant to medications such as topical corticosteroids and methotrexate. In the past 15 years, biologic agents (biologics) have transformed treatment. In this review, we discuss those in widespread use and those with more theoretical applications for anterior uveitis. Tumor necrosis factor alph...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - April 17, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Lerman MA, Rabinovich CE Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: research

Central Precocious Puberty: Update on Diagnosis and Treatment.
Abstract Central precocious puberty (CPP) is characterized by the same biochemical and physical features as normally timed puberty but occurs at an abnormally early age. Most cases of CPP are seen in girls, in whom it is usually idiopathic. In contrast, ~50 % of boys with CPP have an identifiable cause. The diagnosis of CPP relies on clinical, biochemical, and radiographic features. Untreated, CPP has the potential to result in early epiphyseal fusion and a significant compromise in adult height. Thus, the main goal of therapy is preservation of height potential. The gold-standard treatment for CPP is gonadotropi...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - April 25, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Chen M, Eugster EA Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: research

Bone Sarcomas in Pediatrics: Progress in Our Understanding of Tumor Biology and Implications for Therapy.
Abstract The pediatric bone sarcomas osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma represent a tremendous challenge for the clinician. Though less common than acute lymphoblastic leukemia or brain tumors, these aggressive cancers account for a disproportionate amount of the cancer morbidity and mortality in children, and have seen few advances in survival in the past decade, despite many large, complicated, and expensive trials of various chemotherapy combinations. To improve the outcomes of children with bone sarcomas, a better understanding of the biology of these cancers is needed, together with informed use of targeted thera...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - May 23, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Rivera-Valentin RK, Zhu L, Hughes DP Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: research

Psoriasis in Children and Adolescents: Diagnosis, Management and Comorbidities.
This article reviews current concepts in pediatric psoriasis including epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, the role of topical and systemic agents and the association with other morbidities in childhood. PMID: 26072040 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Paediatric Drugs - June 14, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Bronckers IM, Paller AS, van Geel MJ, van de Kerkhof PC, Seyger MM Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: research

Impact of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder on School Performance: What are the Effects of Medication?
Abstract Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects an estimated 5-7 % of schoolchildren worldwide. School functioning and academic achievement are frequently impaired by ADHD and represent one of the main reasons children start ADHD medication. Multiple potential causal pathways exist between ADHD and impaired school performance. In this review, we decompose school performance into three components and assess the impact of ADHD and its treatments on academic performance (assessed by grade point average [GPA], time on-task, percentage of work completed as well as percent completed correctly), academi...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - August 11, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Baweja R, Mattison RE, Waxmonsky JG Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: research

Management of Functional Constipation in Children: Therapy in Practice.
Abstract Functional constipation is a common healthcare problem among children worldwide and accounts for high healthcare usage and costs. Functional constipation is a clinical diagnosis; the evaluation primarily consists of a thorough medical history and a complete physical examination. Additional investigations are not necessary in most cases. Treatment consists of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Non-pharmacological interventions involve education and demystification, toilet training (with a reward system), and a defecation diary. Pharmacological treatment comprises three steps: disimpacti...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - August 11, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Koppen IJ, Lammers LA, Benninga MA, Tabbers MM Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: research

Protecting Newborns Against Pertussis: Treatment and Prevention Strategies.
Abstract Pertussis is a potentially severe respiratory disease, which affects all age groups from young infants to older adults and is responsible for an estimated 195,000 deaths occurred globally in 2008. Active research is ongoing to better understand the pathogenesis, immunology, and diagnosis of pertussis. For diagnosis, molecular assays (e.g., polymerase chain reaction) for detection of Bordetella pertussis have become more widely available and support improved outbreak detection. In children, pertussis vaccines have been incorporated into routine immunization schedules and deployed for pertussis outbreak con...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - November 5, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Salim AM, Liang Y, Kilgore PE Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: research

A Qualitative Study into Dependent Relationships and Voluntary Informed Consent for Research in Pediatric Oncology.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the dependent relationship between pediatric oncologists, patients and parents may be problematic for voluntary informed consent, this is not necessarily the case. Moreover, the involvement of treating physicians may even have a positive impact on the informed consent process. Although we studied pediatric oncology, our results may also apply to many other fields of pediatric medicine where research and care are combined, for example, pediatric rheumatology, neurology and nephrology. Clinical trials in these fields are inevitably often designed, initiated and conducted by medical specialists closely i...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - January 11, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Dekking SA, van der Graaf R, Schouten-van Meeteren AY, Kars MC, van Delden JJ Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: research

Tablet/Capsule Size Variation Among the Most Commonly Prescribed Medications for Children in the USA: Retrospective Review and Firsthand Pharmacy Audit.
CONCLUSIONS: We observed a marked variation in the sizes of common pediatric tablet/capsule medications, and pharmacies that serve children may not stock the most child-friendly medications. Tablet/capsule size does not appear to be considered when decisions about tablet and capsule medication selections are made. These results should increase awareness of these sizes and affect how physicians prescribe, how pharmacies order inventory, and how insurers and pharmaceutical companies pay for and produce pediatric medications. PMID: 26801779 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Paediatric Drugs - January 22, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Jacobsen L, Riley K, Lee B, Bradford K, Jhaveri R Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: research

What Would be the Best Schedule for Prevention of Meningococcal Disease in All Ages? The UK Experience.
Abstract Meningococcal disease is a major global public health problem, and vaccination is the optimal means of prevention. Meningococcal vaccination programmes have significantly evolved, for example, in the UK, since their introduction in 1999. The UK, the first country to introduce meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MCC) vaccination, commenced this in 1999 with a primary infant series at 2, 3 and 4 months of age, together with a catch-up campaign of a single dose for children aged 1-18 years. Subsequent changes to the schedule have occurred in response to increasing knowledge about how MCC vaccines work, to...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - February 25, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Findlow H, Borrow R Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: research

Late Post-traumatic Epilepsy in Children and Young Adults: Impropriety of Long-Term Antiepileptic Prophylaxis and Risks in Tapering.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that prophylaxis was irrelevant when present; furthermore its tapering increased the risk of epilepsy. Since the presence of epileptiform anomalies was the main predictor of post-traumatic epilepsy, such anomalies may be useful to better direct the choice of prophylaxis. PMID: 26913859 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Paediatric Drugs - February 25, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Strazzer S, Pozzi M, Avantaggiato P, Zanotta N, Epifanio R, Beretta E, Formica F, Locatelli F, Galbiati S, Clementi E, Zucca C Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: research

Drug Treatment of Heart Failure in Children: Focus on Recent Recommendations from the ISHLT Guidelines for the Management of Pediatric Heart Failure.
Abstract The International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) recently updated consensus pediatric heart failure guidelines from those published in 2004 with an aim to provide a practical evidence-based resource whilst recognizing the influence of adult heart failure practice. The new guidelines were formed from published evidence for heart failure management and used parallels with adult literature where pediatric evidence was lacking. This is a summary of the pharmacological therapies discussed in the new 2014 guidelines, emphasizing changes from the previous recommendations with regards to treatm...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - March 3, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Hussey AD, Weintraub RG Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: research

Infantile Periocular Haemangioma: Optimising the Therapeutic Response.
Abstract Oral propranolol is now established as the first-line treatment for infantile haemangiomas, and used in up to 20 % of all cases. Propranolol use in infants is most commonly instigated in a controlled environment to monitor for potential serious adverse events such as hypoglycaemia and hypotension. Two test doses are recommended, the first one of 300 μg/kg followed by 2-hourly monitoring. On the subsequent day, a further dose of 650 μg/kg is administered with the same monitoring. A dose of 2 mg/kg divided into three is started from the next day. Parents/carers need to be warned of common adverse effe...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - April 3, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Taylor RH Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: research

Product Substitution as a Way Forward in Avoiding Potentially Harmful Excipients in Neonates.
CONCLUSIONS: EOI-free formulations are available for a substantial number of products currently used in European neonates. Replacement of only the most frequently used products may spare almost half of neonates from unnecessary exposure to EOI. PMID: 27099961 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Paediatric Drugs - April 20, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Nellis G, Metsvaht T, Varendi H, Lass J, Duncan J, Nunn AJ, Turner MA, Lutsar I Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: research

Pharmacogenomics in Pediatric Patients: Towards Personalized Medicine.
Abstract It is well known that drug responses differ among patients with regard to dose requirements, efficacy, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The differences in drug responses are partially explained by genetic variation. This paper highlights some examples of areas in which the different responses (dose, efficacy, and ADRs) are studied in children, including cancer (cisplatin), thrombosis (vitamin K antagonists), and asthma (long-acting β2 agonists). For childhood cancer, the replication of data is challenging due to a high heterogeneity in study populations, which is mostly due to all the different treatme...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - May 2, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Maagdenberg H, Vijverberg SJ, Bierings MB, Carleton BC, Arets HG, de Boer A, Maitland-van der Zee AH Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: research