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Fifteen-minute consultation: Recognition of sickle cell crises in the paediatric emergency department
Children with sickle cell disease can develop life-threatening and painful crises that require prompt assessment and efficient management by healthcare professionals in the emergency or acute care setting. Due to migration patterns and improved survival rates in high-prevalence countries, there is an increased tendency to encounter these patients across the UK. These factors warrant regular revisions in sickle cell crisis management, along with education for medical personnel and patients to improve clinical care and patient management. The focus of this article is on the initial assessment and management of acute paediatr...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice - May 19, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Patel, S., Dadnam, C., Hewitson, R., Thakur, I., Morgan, J. Tags: Best practice and Fifteen Minute Consultations Best practice and Fifteen-minute consultations Source Type: research

What Are the Main Acyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases?
Discussion Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are malformations of the heart and great vessels. It occurs in about 5-8/1000 live births. Cyanotic congenital heart disease is often noted perinatally because of cyanosis, respiratory distress and/or poor feeding or other distress type problems. A review can be found here. Acyanotic congenital heart disease (ACHD) can present at birth but often is seen in older children or adults unless the lesions are severe, especially obstructive lesions. Severe lesions may also cause cyanosis and distress type problems in patients also. Shunting lesions cause problems by diverting blood flo...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - August 17, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

What Are Some Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy?
Discussion The term, cerebral palsy, or CP has gone through many iterations with the first description in 1861 by W.J. Little who described it as “The condition of spastic rigidity of the limbs of newborn children.” The most recent definition is from Rosenbaun et al. in 2007 which states it is “a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders of cerebral palsy are often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cog...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - March 9, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

What Causes Facial Nerve Palsy?
Discussion Facial nerve palsy has been known for centuries, but in 1821 unilateral facial nerve paralysis was described by Sir Charles Bell. Bell’s palsy (BP) is a unilateral, acute facial paralysis that is clinically diagnosed after other etiologies have been excluded by appropriate history, physical examination and/or laboratory testing or imaging. Symptoms include abnormal movement of facial nerve. It can be associated with changes in facial sensation, hearing, taste or excessive tearing. The right and left sides are equally affected but bilateral BP is rare (0.3%). Paralysis can be complete or incomplete at prese...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - June 3, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Adding Stress Management to Cardiac Rehab Cuts New Incidents in Half
Contact: Samiha Khanna Phone: 919-419-5069 Email: samiha.khanna@duke.edu https://www.dukehealth.org EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE until 4 p.m. (ET) on Monday, March 21, 2016 DURHAM, N.C. -- Patients recovering from heart attacks or other heart trouble could cut their risk of another heart incident by half if they incorporate stress management into their treatment, according to research from Duke Health. The findings, published March 21 in the American Heart Association journal Circulation, are the result of a randomized clinical trial of 151 outpatients with coronary heart disease who were enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation due t...
Source: DukeHealth.org: Duke Health Features - March 22, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Duke Medicine Source Type: news

Experience Journal: Growing up with cerebral palsy
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common physical disability of childhood. The term CP is an umbrella term for a group of disorders that affect body movement and posture as a result of damage to a baby’s developing brain. There are many causes for CP, but all occur either during pregnancy, birth or shortly after birth. Common causes include differences in brain development, infection or stroke. Oxygen deprivation is accountable for only a small percentage of cases of CP; often, the cause is unknown. Although CP is a lifelong condition that can’t be reversed, children with the diagnosis can lead rich, fulfilling lives wit...
Source: Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston - March 18, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Erin Horan Tags: Experience Journal Cerebral Palsy Program Source Type: news

Severe Cerebral Vasospasm and Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke After Intrathecal Cytarabine
We report on 2 patients who developed widespread cerebral vasospasm and arterial ischemic strokes (AIS) after application of intrathecal (IT) cytarabine. In a 3-year-old child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), left leg weakness, hyperreflexia, and clonus were noted 4 days after her first dose of IT cytarabine during the induction phase of her chemotherapy. Cerebral MRI revealed multiple acute cerebral ischemic infarcts and widespread cerebral vasospasm. A 5-year-old girl complained of right arm and leg pain and began limping 11 days after IT cytarabine. Symptoms progressed to right dense hemiplegia, left gaze deviat...
Source: PEDIATRICS - February 1, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Tibussek, D., Natesirinilkul, R., Sun, L. R., Wasserman, B. A., Brandao, L. R., deVeber, G. Tags: Hematology/Oncology, Cancer/Neoplastic, Neurology, Neurologic Disorders Case Report Source Type: research

What Causes Muscle Weakness?
Discussion Muscle tone is the slight tension that is felt in a muscle when it is voluntarily relaxed. It can be assessed by asking the patient to relax and then taking the muscles through a range of motion such as moving the wrists, forearm and upper arm. Muscle strength is the muscle’s force against active resistance. Impaired strength is called weakness or paresis. There are 5 levels of muscle strength. 0 = No muscle contraction detected 1 = Barely detected flicker of contraction 2 = Active movement with gravity eliminated 3 = Active movement against gravity 4 = Active movement against gravity and some resistance ...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - December 9, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Sickle cell disease, update on management
Abstract: The article aims to provide a broad overview of sickle cell disorders emphasizing current developments in modern management. The value of neonatal screening, now universal in England, is evaluated with emphasis on the importance of effective measures to reduce the risk of pneumococcal infection. Complications of sickle cell disease are discussed individually with key points of management highlighted, stroke and the use of transcranial Doppler screening as a tool to identify high risk patients is discussed in detail.The importance of effective, safe and rapid pain relief is highlighted and reference given to new N...
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - October 15, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Amanda Cope, P.J. Darbyshire Tags: Symposium: Haematology Source Type: research