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Peripheral immune cells and perinatal brain injury: a double-edged sword?
Pediatr Res. 2021 Nov 8. doi: 10.1038/s41390-021-01818-7. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPerinatal brain injury is the leading cause of neurological mortality and morbidity in childhood ranging from motor and cognitive impairment to behavioural and neuropsychiatric disorders. Various noxious stimuli, including perinatal inflammation, chronic and acute hypoxia, hyperoxia, stress and drug exposure contribute to the pathogenesis. Among a variety of pathological phenomena, the unique developing immune system plays an important role in the understanding of mechanisms of injury to the immature brain. Neuroinflammation following a...
Source: Pediatric Research - November 9, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Josephine Herz Ivo Bendix Ursula Felderhoff-M üser Source Type: research

How Common are Aortic Aneurysms?
Discussion Aortic root dilatation or thoracic aortic aneurysm occurs in 6:100,000 individuals > 50 years of age. It is due to aging, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking. Tertiary syphilis was a cause in the preantibiotic era. Pediatric aneurysms are very uncommon but the exact prevalence is different due to the various causes. Aneurysms are due to genetic disorders, congenital anomalies or post-surgical repair. In pediatric patients with sudden cardiac deaths, 5.4% are due to ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysms. Learning Point Some causes of pediatric aneurysms include: Familial thoracic aneurysm and dissect...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - February 22, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Rise in Angiopoietin-2 Following Neonatal Cardiac Surgery Is Associated With Adverse Clinical Outcomes
Objectives: Neonatal cardiac surgery for congenital cardiac defects is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and there is a need for early identification of patients at highest risk of adverse outcomes. Because vascular endothelial injury mediates damage across organ systems, we measured serum biomarkers of endothelial injury in neonates following cardiopulmonary bypass and examined their associations with short-term outcomes. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Pediatric cardiac ICU. Patients: Thirty neonates less than 2 weeks old undergoing repair of congenital cardiac defects with cardio...
Source: Pediatric Critical Care Medicine - September 1, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Online Cardiac Intensive Care Source Type: research

Changes in arginase isoforms in a murine model of neonatal brain hypoxia-ischemia.
CONCLUSIONS: ARG isoform expression increases with age from P9 to P17, but is suppressed by injury specifically in the hippocampus and not in the cortex. Both levels and activity of ARG isoforms increase with H, while ARG-1 immunolabelling is upregulated in the HI cortex. Evidently, ARG isoforms in the brain differ in spatiotemporal localization, expression, and activity during neurodevelopment and after injury. IMPACT: Arginase isoforms change during neurodevelopment and after neonatal brain HI.This is the first study investigating the key enzymes of inflammation and tissue repair called arginases following murine ne...
Source: Pediatric Research - May 27, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Mike JK, Pathipati P, Sheldon RA, Ferriero DM Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: research

Reena ’s story: A bright future with short bowel syndrome
She’s just 16, but Reena Zuckerman knows exactly what she wants to be doing in another 10 years. “My dream is to play on the press team in the annual Women’s Congressional Softball Game,” says the aspiring political journalist. Since 2009, the event has pitted members of Congress against the press corps, raising nearly a million dollars for charity. “When I’m not doing schoolwork or watching TV, I’m listening to political podcasts and NPR,” Reena confesses. It’s an impressive goal, but one that’s no doubt attainable for this driven teen, who’s been pushing herself to defy expectations since she was a ...
Source: Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston - November 10, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Jessica Cerretani Tags: Diseases & Conditions Our Patients’ Stories Center for Advanced Intestinal Rehabilitation Dr. Tom Jaksic G-tube short bowel syndrome (SBS). volvulus Source Type: news

Pediatric brain repair from endogenous neural stem cells of the subventricular zone.
Abstract There is great interest in the regenerative potential of the neural stem cells and progenitors that populate the germinal zones of the immature brain. Studies using animal models of pediatric brain injuries have provided a clearer understanding of the responses of these progenitors to injury. In this review we have compared and contrasted the responses of the endogenous neural stem cells and progenitors of the subventricular zone in animal models of neonatal cerebral hypoxia-ischemia, neonatal stroke, congenital cardiac disease and pediatric traumatic brain injury. We have reviewed the dynamic shifts that...
Source: Pediatric Research - October 13, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Niimi Y, Levison SW Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: research

Cellular therapy for traumatic neurological injury.
Abstract Neurological injury is the primary lethal mechanism of injury in children, and the primary etiology of long-term disability after trauma. Laboratories and clinical/translational teams have sought to develop stem/progenitor cell therapies to improve recovery in a clinical setting in which there is no significant reparative option. While none of these treatments are currently standard therapeutics, Phase 2b clinical trials are underway in both adults and children in severe traumatic brain injury and Phase 1/2a trials in spinal cord injury. This review will characterize the cell therapy strategies: cell repl...
Source: Pediatric Research - October 6, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Cox CS Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: research

Therapeutic management of neonatal arterial cerebral infarction and neuroprotection perspectives.
Abstract Neonatal seizure related to stroke is a common diagnostic feature. Their treatment, although widely debated even today must be initiated in case of status epilepticus, clinical seizures of more than 5 minutes duration or short (> 30 secondes) and repeated clinical seizures (2 or more per hour). The treatment of neonatal seizures is a challenge that remains only partially solved. It should take into account the etiology of seizures, type of brain lesions and clinical/electrical response to treatment after the first line treatment. It is based on using a single anti-epileptic at its maximum dosage, and i...
Source: Archives de Pediatrie - September 1, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Baud O, Auvin S, Saliba E, Biran V Tags: Arch Pediatr Source Type: research