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Total 109 results found since Jan 2013.

White matter microstructure and verbal fluency
We examined white matter correlates of semantic (Category Fluency Animals) and phonemic or lexical fluency (COWAT FAS) after stroke, accounting for stroke severity measured with the Nation al Institutes of health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), age, sex, and level of education. White matter fibre density and cross-section measures were automatically extracted from 72 tracts, using MRtrix and TractSeg software in 72 ischaemic stroke survivors assessed 3 months after their event. We conducted re gression analyses separately for phonemic and semantic fluency for each tract. Worse semantic fluency was associated with lower fibre densit...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - October 17, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Voluntary exercise induces neurogenesis in the hypothalamus and ependymal lining of the third ventricle
Abstract In the adult hypothalamus and ependymal lining of the third ventricle, tanycytes function as multipotential progenitor cells that enable continuous neurogenesis, suggesting that tanycytes may be able to mediate the restoration of homeostatic function after stroke. Voluntary wheel running has been shown to alter neurochemistry and neuronal function and to increase neurogenesis in rodents. In the present study, we found that voluntary exercise improved the survival rate and energy balance of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP/Kpo). We also investigated the effect of exercise on the prolifer...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - January 29, 2015 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

The "dog paddle": Stereotypic swimming gait pattern in different dog breeds.
Abstract The term "dog paddle" has been applied to the swimming behavior of various terrestrial and aquatic species. Dog paddling refers to a form of drag-based, paddle propulsion in which the limbs are oriented underneath the body and moved through an arc. Despite the ubiquity of the term, there has been no analysis of the swimming kinematics of dogs. Underwater video was recorded of surface swimming dogs (velocity: 0.4-1.1 m/s) for eight individuals from six breeds, ranging in size from Yorkshire Terrier (3.6 kg) to Newfoundland dog (63.5 kg). The quadrupedal paddling stroke was analyzed to determine kinematics ...
Source: Anatomical Record - April 2, 2020 Category: Anatomy Authors: Fish FE, DiNenno NK, Trail J Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: research

Right-side spatial neglect and white matter disconnection after left-hemisphere strokes
AbstractSpatial neglect usually concerns left-sided events after right-hemisphere damage. Its anatomical correlates are debated, with evidence suggesting an important role for fronto-parietal white matter disconnections in the right hemisphere. Here, we describe the less frequent occurrence of neglect for right-sided events, observed in three right-handed patients after a focal stroke in the left hemisphere. Patients were tested 1 month and 3 months after stroke. They performed a standardized paper-and-pencil neglect battery and underwent brain MRI with both structural and diffusion tensor (DT) sequences, in order to asses...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - August 4, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Evaluation of Hippocampal Injury and Cognitive Function Induced by Embolization in the Rat Brain
ABSTRACT Embolism is responsible for at least 20% of all stroke and half of cerebral infarctions. A number of animal models have been developed to mimic thromboembolic stroke. However, little aimed directly at hippocampal damage and cognitive function. In the present study, three sizes of emboli (150–178 μm, 74–124 μm, and 48–74 μm) were employed to induce thromboembolic stroke model in rats. Results showed that the diameter of the particle was critical for animal behavioral and histopathological consequences. Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining revealed that CA1 and CA2–3, which are two of the main hippocampal su...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - June 1, 2013 Category: Anatomy Authors: Heng‐Ai Zhang, Mei Gao, Bainian Chen, Lili Shi, Qiaoyun Wang, Xiaoyan Yu, Zhaohong Xuan, Li Gao, Guanhua Du Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Evaluation of Hippocampal Injury and Cognitive Function Induced by Embolization in the Rat Brain.
Abstract Embolism is responsible for at least 20% of all stroke and half of cerebral infarctions. A number of animal models have been developed to mimic thromboembolic stroke. However, little aimed directly at hippocampal damage and cognitive function. In the present study, three sizes of emboli (150-178 μm, 74-124 μm, and 48-74 μm) were employed to induce thromboembolic stroke model in rats. Results showed that the diameter of the particle was critical for animal behavioral and histopathological consequences. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining revealed that CA1 and CA2-3, which are two of the main hippocampal sub...
Source: Anatomical Record - June 1, 2013 Category: Anatomy Authors: Zhang HA, Gao M, Chen B, Shi L, Wang Q, Yu X, Xuan Z, Gao L, Du G Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: research

Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of Triptolide via the NF-κB signaling pathway in a rat MCAO model.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 26575184 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Anatomical Record - November 17, 2015 Category: Anatomy Authors: Bai S, Hu Z, Yang Y, Yin Y, Li W, Wu L, Fang M Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: research

Right ‐Left Propensity of Cardiogenic Cerebral Embolism in Standard versus Bovine Aortic Arch Variant
Conclusion: No statistically significant difference in embolic stroke laterality was demonstrated in our relatively small sample. Bovine arch could be an independent risk factor for cardio‐embolic embolism. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Clinical Anatomy - January 1, 2018 Category: Anatomy Authors: Menachem Gold, Mojdeh Khamesi, Mangaiyarkkarasi Sivakumar, Vijaya Natarajan, Hooman Motahari, Nicholas Caputo Tags: Original Communications Source Type: research

Right –left propensity of cardiogenic cerebral embolism in standard versus bovine aortic arch variant
Left‐hemispheric ischemic strokes are more frequent overall and often have a worse outcome than their right‐hemispheric counterparts. We hypothesized that the right‐left propensity of CE cerebral infarcts differs between patients with standard and bovine arch variants. We retrospectively identified all patients with acute stroke of the anterior circulation admitted to our primary stroke center between January 2011 and June 2017 who had moderate‐ to high‐risk cardio‐embolic sources according to the SSS‐TOAST classification. From amongst these patients, only those with available cross‐sectional imaging of the...
Source: Clinical Anatomy - January 25, 2018 Category: Anatomy Authors: Menachem Gold, Mojdeh Khamesi, Mangaiyarkkarasi Sivakumar, Vijaya Natarajan, Hooman Motahari, Nicholas Caputo Tags: Original Communication Source Type: research

Comprehensive voxel-wise, tract-based, and network lesion mapping reveals unique architectures of right and left visuospatial neglect
AbstractVisuospatial neglect is a common, post-stroke cognitive impairment which is widely considered to be a disconnection syndrome. However, the patterns of disconnectivity associated with visuospatial neglect remain unclear. Here, we had 480 acute stroke survivors [age  = 72.8 (SD = 13.3), 44.3% female, 7.5 days post-stroke (SD = 11.3)] undertake routine clinical imaging and standardised visuospatial neglect testing. The data were used to conduct voxel-wise, tract-level, and network-level lesion-mapping analyses aimed at localising the neural correlat es of left and right egocentric (body-centred) and alloc...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - September 11, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Where language meets meaningful action: a combined behavior and lesion analysis of aphasia and apraxia
Abstract It is debated how language and praxis are co-represented in the left hemisphere (LH). As voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping in LH stroke patients with aphasia and/or apraxia may contribute to this debate, we here investigated the relationship between language and praxis deficits at the behavioral and lesion levels in 50 sub-acute stroke patients. We hypothesized that language and (meaningful) action are linked via semantic processing in Broca’s region. Behaviorally, half of the patients suffered from co-morbid aphasia and apraxia. While 24 % (n = 12) of all patients exhibited aphasia without apraxia,...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - October 29, 2014 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Investigating structure and function in the healthy human brain: validity of acute versus chronic lesion-symptom mapping
AbstractModern voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) analyses techniques provide powerful tools to examine the relationship between structure and function of the healthy human brain. However, there is still uncertainty on the type of and the appropriate time point of imaging and of behavioral testing for such analyses. Here we tested the validity of the three most common combinations of structural imaging data and behavioral scores used in VLSM analyses. Given the established knowledge about the neural substrate of the primary motor system in humans, we asked the mundane question of where the motor system is represente...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - November 1, 2016 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Neuroserpin expression during human brain development and in adult brain revealed by immunohistochemistry and single cell RNA sequencing.
Abstract Neuroserpin is a serine-protease inhibitor mainly expressed in the CNS and involved in the inhibition of the proteolytic cascade. Animal models confirmed its neuroprotective role in perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia and adult stroke. Although neuroserpin may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of the aforementioned conditions, there is still no information in the literature on its distribution during human brain development. The present study provides a detailed description of the changing spatiotemporal patterns of neuroserpin focusing on physiological human brain development. Five stages were d...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - January 15, 2019 Category: Anatomy Authors: Adorjan I, Tyler T, Bhaduri A, Demharter S, Finszter CK, Bako M, Sebok OM, Nowakowski TJ, Khodosevich K, Møllgård K, Kriegstein AR, Shi L, Hoerder-Suabedissen A, Ansorge O, Molnár Z Tags: J Anat Source Type: research

Mapping lesion, structural disconnection, and functional disconnection to symptoms in semantic aphasia
AbstractPatients with semantic aphasia have impaired control of semantic retrieval, often accompanied by executive dysfunction following left hemisphere stroke. Many but not all of these patients have damage to the left inferior frontal gyrus, important for semantic and cognitive control. Yet semantic and cognitive control networks are highly distributed, including posterior as well as anterior components. Accordingly, semantic aphasia might not only reflect local damage but also white matter structural and functional disconnection. Here, we characterise the lesions and predicted patterns of structural and functional disco...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - July 4, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Lithium chloride promotes neural functional recovery after local cerebral ischemia injury in rats through Wnt signaling pathway activation
Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2022 Aug 2. doi: 10.5603/FM.a2022.0068. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLithium chloride (LiCl) has a significant neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia. However, to date, there is a paucity of evidence on the role of LiCl in neural restoration after brain ischemia and the signaling pathways involved remain unclear. Therefore, to address this gap, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model was used to simulate human ischemia stroke. Male SD rats were given MCAO for 90 min followed by reperfusion, and Dickkopf-1(DKK1, 5.0 μg/kg) was administered half an hour before MCAO. Rats were then ...
Source: Folia Morphologica - August 2, 2022 Category: Anatomy Authors: Z Junde L Tingting Z Lu C Shan Y Dan Source Type: research