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Total 109 results found since Jan 2013.

Stroke bricks - spatial brain regions to assess ischemic stroke localization.
Authors: Ciszek B, Jóźwiak R, Sobieszczuk E, Przelaskowski A, Skadorwa T Abstract Computer-aided analysis of non-contrast CT (NCCT) images for rapid diagnosis of ischemic stroke is based on the augmented visualization of evolving ischemic lesions. Computerized support of NCCT often leads to overinterpretation of ischemic areas, thus it is of great interest to provide neurologically verified regions in order to improve accuracy of subsequent radiological assessment. We propose Stroke Bricks (StBr) as an arbitrary spatial division of brain tissue into the regions associated with specific clinical symptoms of ischem...
Source: Folia Morphologica - March 31, 2017 Category: Anatomy Tags: Folia Morphol (Warsz) Source Type: research

Insular and caudate lesions release abnormal yawning in stroke patients
Abstract Abnormal yawning is an underappreciated phenomenon in patients with ischemic stroke. We aimed at identifying frequently affected core regions in the supratentorial brain of stroke patients with abnormal yawning and contributing to the anatomical network concept of yawning control. Ten patients with acute anterior circulation stroke and ≥3 yawns/15 min without obvious cause were analyzed. The NIH stroke scale (NIHSS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), symptom onset, period with abnormal yawning, blood oxygen saturation, glucose, body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and modified Rankin scale (mRS) ...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - February 26, 2015 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Overexpression of kynurenic acid in stroke: an endogenous neuroprotector?
Abstract It is known that kynurenic acid (KYNA) exerts a neuroprotective effect against the neuronal loss induced by ischemia; acting as a scavenger, and exerting antioxidant action. In order to study the distribution of KYNA, a highly specific monoclonal antibody directed against KYNA was developed. This distribution was studied in control rats and in animals in which a middle cerebral artery occlusion (stroke model) was induced. By double immunohistochemistry, astrocytes containing KYNA and GFAP were exclusively found in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex and/or striatum, at 2, 5 and 21days after the induction of s...
Source: Annals of Anatomy - February 1, 2017 Category: Anatomy Authors: Mangas A, Yajeya J, González N, Ruiz I, Duleu S, Geffard M, Coveñas R Tags: Ann Anat Source Type: research

Effects of detraining on preconditioning exercise-induced neuroprotective potential after ischemic stroke in rats
AbstractPreconditioning exercise prior to stroke exerts neuroprotection, which is an endogenous strategy that leads the brain cells to express several intrinsic factors and inhibits their apoptosis. However, it is unclear how long these benefits last after exercise cessation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of detraining on preconditioning exercise-induced neuroprotective potential after stroke. Rats were trained using a treadmill for aerobic exercise 5  days each week for 3 weeks, and their neuroprotective effects were examined until 3 weeks after exercise cessation. Stroke was induced by 60 min o...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - June 10, 2021 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Longitudinal prediction of motor dysfunction after stroke: a disconnectome study
AbstractMotricity is the most commonly affected ability after a stroke. While many clinical studies attempt to predict motor symptoms at different chronic time points after a stroke, longitudinal acute-to-chronic studies remain scarce. Taking advantage of recent advances in mapping brain disconnections, we predict motor outcomes in 62 patients assessed longitudinally two weeks, three months, and one year after their stroke. Results indicate that brain disconnection patterns accurately predict motor impairments. However, disconnection patterns leading to impairment differ between the three-time points and between left and r...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - November 5, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Acute neuroinflammation in a clinically relevant focal cortical ischemic stroke model in rat: longitudinal positron emission tomography and immunofluorescent tracking
Abstract Adequate estimation of neuroinflammatory processes following ischemic stroke is essential for better understanding of disease mechanisms, and for the development of treatment strategies. With the TSPO (18 kDa translocator protein) positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand [11C]PBR28, we monitored longitudinally the inflammatory response post-transient cerebral ischemia in rats, using a recently developed rat stroke model that produces isolated focal cortical infarcts with clinical relevance in size and pathophysiology. Six Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to 90 min transient endovascular occlus...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - January 20, 2015 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Mapping correlated neurological deficits after stroke to distributed brain networks
AbstractUnderstanding the relationships between brain organization and behavior is a central goal of neuroscience. Traditional teaching emphasizes that the human cerebrum includes many distinct areas for which damage or dysfunction would lead to a unique and specific behavioral syndrome. This teaching implies that brain areas correspond to encapsulated modules that are specialized for specific cognitive operations. However, empirically, local damage from stroke more often produces one of a small number of clusters of deficits and disrupts brain-wide connectivity in a small number of predictable ways (relative to the vast c...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - July 26, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2-dependent changes in tight junctions after ischemic preconditioning contributes to tolerance induction after ischemic stroke
Abstract Less disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) after severe ischemic stroke is one of the beneficial outcomes of ischemic preconditioning (IP). However, the effect of IP on tight junctions (TJs), which regulate paracellular permeability of the BBB, is not well understood. In the present study, we examined IP-induced changes in TJs before and after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice, and the association between changes in TJs and tolerance to a subsequent insult. After IP, we found decreased levels of transmembrane TJ proteins occludin and claudin-5, and widened gaps of TJs with perivascu...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - January 1, 2015 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Scalp acupuncture enhances local brain regions functional activities and functional connections between cerebral hemispheres in acute ischemic stroke patients
This study aimed to explore the changes in functional connections between cerebral hemispheres and local brain regions functional activities in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with International Standard Scalp Acupuncture (ISSA). Thirty patients with middle cerebral artery AIS in the dominant hemisphere were selected and randomly divided into two groups such as the control group and the scalp acupuncture group, with 15 patients in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional Western medicine, while patients in the scalp acupuncture group received ISSA (acupuncture at the pariet...
Source: Anatomical Record - August 25, 2021 Category: Anatomy Authors: Huacong Liu Yijing Jiang Ningning Wang Han Yan Lanpin Chen Jingchun Gao Jiping Zhang Shanshan Qu Songyan Liu Gang Liu Yong Huang Junqi Chen Source Type: research

The subpopulation of microglia expressing functional muscarinic acetylcholine receptors expands in stroke and Alzheimer’s disease
Abstract Microglia undergo a process of activation in pathology which is controlled by many factors including neurotransmitters. We found that a subpopulation (11 %) of freshly isolated adult microglia respond to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist carbachol with a Ca2+ increase and a subpopulation of similar size (16 %) was observed by FACS analysis using an antibody against the M3 receptor subtype. The carbachol-sensitive population increased in microglia/brain macrophages isolated from tissue of mouse models for stroke (60 %) and Alzheimer’s disease (25 %), but not for glioma and multiple sclero...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - December 18, 2014 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Anosognosia for obvious visual field defects in stroke patients
Abstract Patients with anosognosia for visual field defect (AVFD) fail to recognize consciously their visual field defect. There is still unclarity whether specific neural correlates are associated with AVFD. We studied AVFD in 54 patients with acute stroke and a visual field defect. Nineteen percent of this unselected sample showed AVFD. By using modern voxelwise lesion-behaviour mapping techniques we found an association between AVFD and parts of the lingual gyrus, the cuneus as well as the posterior cingulate and corpus callosum. Damage to these regions appears to induce unawareness of visual field defects and...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - April 25, 2015 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Shared and distinct anatomical correlates of semantic and phonemic fluency revealed by lesion-symptom mapping in patients with ischemic stroke
Abstract Semantic and phonemic fluency tasks are frequently used to test executive functioning, speed and attention, and access to the mental lexicon. In semantic fluency tasks, subjects are required to generate words belonging to a category (e.g., animals) within a limited time window, whereas in phonemic fluency tasks subjects have to generate words starting with a given letter. Anatomical correlates of semantic and phonemic fluency are currently assumed to overlap in left frontal structures, reflecting shared executive processes, and to be distinct in left temporal and right frontal structures, reflecting invol...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - May 5, 2015 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Relationship between side of hemiparesis and functional independence using activities of daily living index
Discussions This suggests that side of hemiparesis/weakness could be taken into consideration as a factor in functional independence assessment and further retraining of hemiparetic stroke survivors. Strong relationship exists between side of hemiparesis and functional independence in patients with stroke.
Source: Journal of the Anatomical Society of India - November 4, 2014 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research