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Metformin enhances neural precursor cells migration and functional recovery after ischemic stroke in mice
Exp Brain Res. 2023 Jan 8. doi: 10.1007/s00221-023-06547-3. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTResident neural precursor cells (NPCs) activation is a promising therapeutic strategy for brain repair. This strategy involves stimulating multiple stages of NPCs development, including proliferation, self-renewal, migration, and differentiation. Metformin, an FDA-approved diabetes drug, has been shown to promote the proliferation and differentiation of NPCs. However, it is still unclear whether metformin promotes the migration of NPCs. EVOS living cell imaging system was used for observing the migration for primary NPCs dynamically i...
Source: Cell Research - January 7, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Liang Zhang Jing Zhang Xiaoming Zhu Wei Jiao Yang Yang Youping Wu Likun Yang Yuhai Wang Source Type: research

Blood Flow Restriction Exercise Attenuates the Exercise-Induced Endothelial Progenitor Cell Response in Healthy, Young Men
Conclusion In summary, this is the first study to show that BFR exercise did not augment EPC response to exercise, and in fact blunted the EPC response to low load unilateral KE exercise in young, healthy males. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of Edinburgh Napier University Research and Ethics Governance Committee. The study was ethically approved by Edinburgh Napier University Research and Ethics Governance Committee. All participants gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Author Contributions MR, RM, AP, CW, GF-J designed the s...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Cellular stress and AMPK activation as a common mechanism of action linking the effects of metformin and diverse compounds that alleviate accelerated aging defects in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by an accelerated aging phenotype that typically leads to death via stroke or myocardial infarction at approximately 14.6  years of age. Most cases of HGPS have been linked to the extensive use of a cryptic splice donor site located in the LMNA gene due to a de novo mutation, generating a truncated and toxic protein known as progerin. Progerin accumulation in the nuclear membrane and within the nucleus distorts the n uclear architecture and negatively effects nuclear processes including DNA replication and repair, leading to accelerated ...
Source: Medical Hypotheses - July 2, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Jahahreeh Finley Source Type: research

Substance found in red wine 'helps fight ageing'
Conclusion Resveratrol has been of interest to anti-ageing scientists for many years and researchers have previously shown it may be linked to a slowing of the decline in thinking and movement, at least in rodents. This study suggests a possible way this might happen. But the results don't tell us anything about what happens in humans. They suggest this substance may be useful for further research in humans at some point. They certainly don't provide a reason to drink gallons of red wine, in the hope of seeing an anti-ageing effect. Drinking too much alcohol is a sure-fire way to speed up deterioration of thinking skills,...
Source: NHS News Feed - March 8, 2017 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Food/diet Lifestyle/exercise Neurology Source Type: news

Drug repurposing for immune modulation in acute ischemic stroke.
Abstract Innate immune cells play a dualistic role in the evolution of ischemic brain damage, with classic phenotypes promoting injury, and alternatively activated M2 microglia/macrophages or N2 neutrophils providing tissue remodelling and repair. Recently, a number of drugs commonly used for other indications (i.e., azithromycin, minocycline, bexarotene, rosiglitazone, metformin) was reported to provide neuroprotection in preclinical stroke models by promoting immune polarization towards non-inflammatory, protective phenotypes. Repurposing drugs with a well-established safety profile should allow a reduction in t...
Source: Current Opinion in Pharmacology - December 1, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Amantea D, Bagetta G Tags: Curr Opin Pharmacol Source Type: research

Metformin Treatment in the Period After Stroke Prevents Nitrative Stress and Restores Angiogenic Signaling in the Brain in Diabetes
Diabetes impedes vascular repair and causes vasoregression in the brain after stroke, but mechanisms underlying this response are still unclear. We hypothesized that excess peroxynitrite formation in diabetic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury inactivates the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) by nitration and diverts the PI3K–Akt survival signal to the p38–mitogen-activated protein kinase apoptosis pathway. Nitrotyrosine (NY), Akt and p38 activity, p85 nitration, and caspase-3 cleavage were measured in brains from control, diabetic (GK), or metformin-treated GK rats subjected to sham or stroke surg...
Source: Diabetes - April 23, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Abdelsaid, M.; Prakash, R.; Li, W.; Coucha, M.; Hafez, S.; Johnson, M. H.; Fagan, S. C.; Ergul, A. Tags: Pharmacology and Therapeutics Source Type: research

Metformin Treatment in Post-stroke Period Prevents Nitrative Stress and Restores Angiogenic Signaling in the Brain in Diabetes.
Abstract We have shown that diabetes impedes vascular repair and causes vasoregression in the brain after stroke but mechanisms underlying this response are still unclear. We hypothesized that excess peroxynitrite formation in diabetic ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) inactivates the p85 subunit of PI3K by nitration and diverts the PI3K-Akt-survival signal to the p38MAPkinase-apoptosis pathway. Nitrotyrosine (NY), Akt and p38 activity, p85 nitration and caspase-3 cleavage were measured in brains from control, diabetic (GK) or GK rats treated with metformin subjected to sham or stroke surgery and in brain microvas...
Source: Diabetes - December 18, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Abdelsaid M, Prakash R, Li W, Coucha M, Hafez S, Johnson MH, Fagan SC, Ergul A Tags: Diabetes Source Type: research

Improvement of functional recovery by chronic metformin treatment is associated with enhanced alternative activation of microglia/macrophages and increased angiogenesis and neurogenesis following experimental stroke.
In conclusion, post-stroke chronic metformin treatment improved functional recovery following MCAO via AMPK-dependent M2 polarization. Modulation of microglia/macrophage polarization represents a novel therapeutic strategy for stroke. PMID: 24632338 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - March 12, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Jin Q, Cheng J, Liu Y, Wu J, Wang X, Wei S, Zhou X, Qin Z, Jia J, Zhen X Tags: Brain Behav Immun Source Type: research

Vascularization Pattern After Ischemic Stroke is Different in Control Versus Diabetic Rats: Relevance to Stroke Recovery Basic Sciences
Conclusions— Diabetes mellitus impairs poststroke reparative neovascularization and impedes the recovery. Glycemic control after stroke can improve neurovascular repair and improve functional outcome.
Source: Stroke - September 23, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Prakash, R., Li, W., Qu, Z., Johnson, M. A., Fagan, S. C., Ergul, A. Tags: Type 2 diabetes, Behavioral Changes and Stroke, Other imaging, Other Vascular biology Basic Sciences Source Type: research