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Total 271 results found since Jan 2013.

Assessment of ischemic penumbra in patients with hyperacute stroke using amide proton transfer (APT) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)‐derived, pH‐weighted, amide proton transfer (APT) MRI has shown promise in animal studies for the prediction of infarction risk in ischemic tissue. Here, APT MRI was translated to patients with acute stroke (1–24 h post‐symptom onset), and assessments of APT contrast, perfusion, diffusion, disability and final infarct volume (23–92 days post‐stroke) are reported. Healthy volunteers (n = 5) and patients (n = 10) with acute onset of symptoms (0–4 h, n = 7; uncertain onset <24 h, n = 3) were scanned with diffusion‐ and perfusion‐weighted...
Source: NMR in Biomedicine - November 28, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Anna Tietze, Jakob Blicher, Irene Klærke Mikkelsen, Leif Østergaard, Megan K. Strother, Seth A. Smith, Manus J. Donahue Tags: Research article Source Type: research

Clinical Assessment of Carotid Atherosclerosis Inflammation by Positron Emission Tomography.
Abstract Stroke caused by carotid atherosclerosis is a leading cause of mortality and the leading cause of disability in the developed world. For carotid plaques within the neurovascular territory of a recent stroke or transient ischaemic attack, surgical removal of the plaque (endarterectomy) has been clearly shown to reduce future cerebrovascular events. Management of asymptomatic plaques, however, is less clear because only a minority of these plaques will ultimately become symptomatic. Inflammation is a key feature which predicts whether a plaque is likely to rupture and hence lead to stroke. By identifying in...
Source: Current Molecular Medicine - November 11, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Shalhoub J, Oskrochi Y, H Davies A, R J Owen D Tags: Curr Mol Med Source Type: research

Impaired perfusion modifies the relationship between blood pressure and stroke risk in major cerebral artery disease
Conclusions Impaired perfusion modified the relationship between blood pressure and stroke risk, although this study had limitations including the retrospective analysis, the potentially biased sample, the small number of critical events and the fact that BP was measured only as a snapshot in clinic.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Yamauchi, H., Higashi, T., Kagawa, S., Kishibe, Y., Takahashi, M. Tags: Open access, Stroke, Hypertension, Radiology, Radiology (diagnostics) Cerebrovascular disease Source Type: research

Cannabinoid use in progressive inflammatory brain disease (cupid) mri sub-study
Conclusion 9–THC was not better than placebo at reducing the rates of new T1 or T2 lesions or brain atrophy in patients with progressive MS.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Mallik, S., Ball, S., Dalton, C., MacManus, D., Tozer, D., Miller, D., Zajicek, J. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Multiple sclerosis, Stroke, Radiology, Drugs: musculoskeletal and joint diseases, Radiology (diagnostics) Association of British Neurologists (ABN) joint meeting with the Royal College of Phy Source Type: research

CRP gene polymorphism predicts post‐stroke functional outcome in Han Chinese
ConclusionsOur study indicates that SNP rs1130864 in the CRP gene is an independent predictor of 3‐month functional outcome in patients with first‐onset IS in a Han Chinese population. Further studies in different ethnic groups are needed to validate our findings.
Source: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica - August 23, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: J. Guo, L. Yu, J. Zhang, N. Chen, M. Zhou, L. He Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Immunological consequences of ischemic stroke
The treatment of ischemic stroke is one of the great challenges in modern neurology. The localization and the size of the infarct determine the long‐term disability of stroke survivors. Recent observations have revealed that stroke also alters the function of the immune system and vice versa: At the site of the infarct, a local inflammatory response develops that enhances brain lesion development. In experimental stroke, proof‐of‐concept studies confirm that inhibition of this immune response reduces lesion volume and improves outcome. In the peripheral blood of stroke patients, though, lymphocytopenia and monocyte d...
Source: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica - July 17, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: A. Vogelgesang, K. J. Becker, A. Dressel Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Growth, not just size, boosts brain aneurysms' risk of bursting
Brain aneurysms of all sizes — even small ones the size of a pea — are up to 12 times more likely to rupture if they are growing, according to a new UCLA study.   Published July 2 in the online edition of the journal Radiology, the discovery counters current guidelines suggesting that small aneurysms pose a low risk for rupture, and it emphasizes the need for regular monitoring and earlier treatment.   "Until now, we believed that large aneurysms presented the highest risk for rupture and that smaller aneurysms may not require monitoring," said lead author Dr. J. Pablo Villablanca, chief of diagn...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - July 2, 2013 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Cognitive rehabilitation for spatial neglect following stroke.
CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation interventions for reducing the disabling effects of neglect and increasing independence remains unproven. As a consequence, no rehabilitation approach can be supported or refuted based on current evidence from RCTs. However, there is some very limited evidence that cognitive rehabilitation may have an immediate beneficial effect on tests of neglect. This emerging evidence justifies further clinical trials of cognitive rehabilitation for neglect. However, future studies need to have appropriate high quality methodological design and reporting, to examine persisting ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - July 1, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Bowen A, Hazelton C, Pollock A, Lincoln NB Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in South Africa
ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the use of thrombolysis in routine clinical practice in a South African setting has similar safety and early efficacy outcomes to developed and other developing countries.
Source: International Journal of Stroke - May 22, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Alan Bryer, Sean Wasserman Tags: Short Report Source Type: research

Enhancing patient–provider communication for long‐term post‐stroke spasticity management
Stroke is a major public health concern, with estimated 16 million people worldwide experiencing first‐time strokes each year, a number that is expected to rise. Two‐thirds of those experiencing a stroke are younger than 70 years of age. Stroke is a leading cause of disability in adults as a result of major sequelae that include spasticity, cognitive impairment, paresis, and depression. Disabling spasticity, defined as spasticity severe enough to require intervention, occurs in 4% of stroke survivors within 1 year of first‐time stroke. The aim of this report is to focus instead on a discussion of patient–provider...
Source: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica - April 18, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: K. S. Sunnerhagen, G. E. Francisco Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging in stroke: an evidence‐based clinical review
Stroke is a common condition that may lead to various degrees of neurological deficit and long‐term disability. It has become increasingly recognized that cortical reorganization of neuronal networks plays a significant role in regaining function following a focal brain injury. However, the mechanisms involved in this process are still not fully understood. Resting‐state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging is a rapidly evolving scanning technique that has the potential to shed light into this neuronal rearrangement. A better understanding of the underlying neurological pathways may contribute to the deve...
Source: International Journal of Stroke - March 19, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Ourania Varsou, Mary Joan Macleod, Christian Schwarzbauer Tags: Review Source Type: research

Consistent determinants of post‐stroke health‐related quality of life across diverse cultures: Berlin–Ibadan study
ConclusionsBased on these consistent determinants, the stroke recovery cycle, a novel therapeutic model aimed at improving sense of purpose and meaning in life after stroke while promoting emotional and physical well‐being, is proposed for further exploration.
Source: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica - March 19, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: M. O. Owolabi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

UCLA-led study finds devices no better than meds in recovery from clot-caused strokes
When someone has a stroke, time equals brain. The longer a stroke is left untreated, the more brain tissue is lost. Since the only proven treatment — a clot-busting drug — works in less than half of patients, stroke physicians had high hopes for a mechanical device that could travel through the blocked blood vessel to retrieve or break up the clot, restoring blood flow to the brain.   But in a recently completed multi-site trial in which UCLA served as the clinical coordinating center, researchers found there was no overall recovery benefit to patients treated with clot-removal (embolectomy) devices, compa...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - March 13, 2013 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Medical considerations relating to the oral health of older adults
ABSTRACT This review paper was written in conjunction with the 2010 National Coalition Consensus Conference: Oral Health of Vulnerable Older Adults and Persons with Disabilities. It provides an overview of specific medical considerations involved with dental diagnosis and treatment of this “at risk population.” The role of oral inflammation is referenced within the context of the oral/systemic paradigm (e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular disease/stroke, respiratory diseases, and cognition). Oral manifestations associated with multi‐organ diseases, tobacco/alcohol use, and medications are additionally discussed. Finally, ...
Source: Special Care in Dentistry - March 1, 2013 Category: Dentistry Authors: Douglas B. Berkey, Frank A. Scannapieco Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

UCLA study shows promise, offers hope for brain hemorrhage patients
A new endoscopic surgical procedure has been shown to be safer and to result in better outcomes than the current standard medical treatment for patients who suffer strokes as a result of brain hemorrhages, UCLA neurosurgeons have announced.   The findings from their potentially groundbreaking, randomized, controlled phase 2 clinical trial, which was conducted at multiple medical centers, were presented last week at the International Stroke Conference in Honolulu.   "These exciting results offer a glimmer of hope for a condition that most doctors have traditionally considered hopeless," said principal investigator...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - February 11, 2013 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news