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Total 5519 results found since Jan 2013.

Cost-Effectiveness of Apixaban Versus Other New Oral Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation.
CONCLUSIONS: Although our analysis was limited by the absence of head-to-head trials, based on the indirect comparison data available, our model projects that apixaban may be a cost-effective alternative to dabigatran 150 mg BID, dabigatran 110 mg BID, and rivaroxaban 20 mg once daily for stroke prevention in AF patients from the perspective of the United Kingdom National Health Services. PMID: 24508420 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical Therapeutics - February 5, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Lip GY, Kongnakorn T, Phatak H, Kuznik A, Lanitis T, Liu LZ, Iloeje U, Hernandez L, Dorian P Tags: Clin Ther Source Type: research

The angiotensin type 2 receptor agonist Compound 21 elicits cerebroprotection in endothelin-1 induced ischemic stroke.
Abstract Evidence indicates that angiotensin II type 2 receptors (AT2R) exert cerebroprotective actions during stroke. A selective non-peptide AT2R agonist, Compound 21 (C21), has been shown to exert beneficial effects in models of cardiac and renal disease, as well as hemorrhagic stroke. Here, we hypothesize that C21 may exert beneficial effects against cerebral damage and neurological deficits produced by ischemic stroke. We determined the effects of central and peripheral administration of C21 on the cerebral damage and neurological deficits in rats elicited by endothelin-1 induced middle cerebral artery occlus...
Source: Neuropharmacology - February 6, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Joseph JP, Mecca AP, Regenhardt RW, Bennion DM, Rodríguez V, Desland F, Patel NA, Pioquinto DJ, Unger T, Katovich MJ, Steckelings UM, Sumners C Tags: Neuropharmacology Source Type: research

Effects of delayed puerarin treatment in long-term neurological outcomes of focal ischemic stroke in rats
Conclusions: Delayed treatment of puerarin initiated at 24 h after stroke is beneficial with improved long-term neurological outcomes and reduced infarction volume in focal ischemic stroke in rats. Enhanced vascular remodeling by puerarin might at least partially contribute to its beneficial effects.
Source: Indian Journal of Pharmacology - March 24, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Minghua WuSen LiangLi MaYang HanXiusheng ZhangChengcheng Xu Source Type: research

Of mice and men – modeling post‐stroke depression experimentally
Summary At least one third of stroke survivors suffer from depression. The development of comorbid depression after stroke is clinically highly significant, because post‐stroke depression is associated with increased mortality, slows recovery and leads to worse functional outcomes. Here, we review the evidence that post‐stroke depression can be effectively modeled in experimental rodents via a variety of approaches. This opens an exciting new window onto the neurobiology of depression and permits probing potential underlying mechanisms such as disturbed cellular plasticity, neuroendocrine dysregulation, neuroinflammati...
Source: British Journal of Pharmacology - May 19, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: G Kronenberg, K Gertz, A Heinz, M Endres Tags: Review Article – Animal Models in Psychiatry Research Themed Issue Source Type: research

Of mice and men: modelling post‐stroke depression experimentally
At least one‐third of stroke survivors suffer from depression. The development of comorbid depression after stroke is clinically highly significant because post‐stroke depression is associated with increased mortality, slows recovery and leads to worse functional outcomes. Here, we review the evidence that post‐stroke depression can be effectively modelled in experimental rodents via a variety of approaches. This opens an exciting new window onto the neurobiology of depression and permits probing potential underlying mechanisms such as disturbed cellular plasticity, neuroendocrine dysregulation, neuroinflammation, an...
Source: British Journal of Pharmacology - July 2, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: G Kronenberg, K Gertz, A Heinz, M Endres Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

Optimisation of secondary prevention of stroke: a qualitative study of stroke patients’ beliefs, concerns and difficulties with their medicines
ConclusionsMany of the difficulties stroke patients have adhering to secondary prevention strategies are potentially preventable with tailored information provision and appropriate monitoring and follow‐up by primary healthcare professionals. We have designed an intervention addressing the identified barriers to medicine taking, the impact of which is currently being measured in a randomised controlled trial of a pharmacist‐led home‐based clinical medication review in stroke patients.
Source: International Journal of Pharmacy Practice - March 9, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Caroline Souter, Anne Kinnear, Moira Kinnear, Gillian Mead Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

The many roles of statins in ischemic stroke.
Abstract Stroke is the third leading cause of human death. Endothelial dysfunction, thrombogenesis, inflammatory and oxidative stress damage, and angiogenesis play an important role in cerebral ischemic pathogenesis and represent a target for prevention and treatment. Statins have been found to improve endothelial function, modulate thrombogenesis, attenuate inflammatory and oxidative stress damage, and facilitate angiogenesis far beyond lowering cholesterol levels. Statins have also been proved to significantly decrease cardiovascular risk and to improve clinical outcome. Could statins be the new candidate agent ...
Source: Current Neuropharmacology - December 1, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Zhao J, Zhang X, Dong L, Wen Y, Cui L Tags: Curr Neuropharmacol Source Type: research

PcTx1 affords neuroprotection in a conscious model of stroke inhypertensive rats via selective inhibition of ASIC1a.
Abstract Acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is the primary acid sensor in mammalian brain and plays a major role in neuronal injury following cerebral ischemia. Evidence that inhibition of ASIC1a might be neuroprotective following stroke was previously obtained using "PcTx1 venom" from the tarantula Psalmopeous cambridgei. We show here that the ASIC1a-selective blocker PcTx1 is present at only 0.4% abundance in this venom, leading to uncertainty as to whether the observed neuroprotective effects were due to PcTx1 blockade of ASIC1a or inhibition of other ion channels and receptors by the hundreds of peptides and...
Source: Neuropharmacology - August 28, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: McCarthy CA, Rash LD, Chassagnon IR, King GF, Widdop RE Tags: Neuropharmacology Source Type: research

Dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin after ischemic stroke: A review of the evidence.
CONCLUSION: Currently available evidence does not substantiate the widespread use of long-term aspirin with clopidogrel for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke or TIA. PMID: 26386103 [PubMed - in process]
Source: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP - September 21, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Davis KA, Miyares MA, Dietrich E Tags: Am J Health Syst Pharm Source Type: research

Gene expression profiling in stroke: relevance of blood-brain interaction.
Abstract Biomarker profiling is utilized to identify diagnostic and prognostic candidates for stroke. Clinical and preclinical biomarker data suggest altered circulating immune responses may illuminate the mechanisms of stroke recovery. However, the relationship between peripheral blood biomarker profile(s) and brain profiles following stroke remains elusive. Data show that neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) predicts stroke outcome. Neutrophils release Arginase 1 (ARG1) resulting in T lymphocyte suppression in peripheral blood. Interestingly, the cellular response to stroke may have implications for known biomarker...
Source: Current Opinion in Pharmacology - November 9, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Asano S, Chantler PD, Barr TL Tags: Curr Opin Pharmacol Source Type: research

A comparison of stroke severity proxy measures for claims data research: a population‐based cohort study
ConclusionsUsing the SSI facilitated risk adjustment for stroke severity in mortality models for patients with AIS. The SSI is a viable methodological tool for stroke outcome studies using the NHIRD. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety - December 22, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sheng‐Feng Sung, Solomon Chih‐Cheng Chen, Cheng‐Yang Hsieh, Chung‐Yi Li, Edward Chia‐Cheng Lai, Ya‐Han Hu Tags: Original Report Source Type: research

Residential medication management reviews of antithrombotic therapy in aged care residents with atrial fibrillation: assessment of stroke and bleeding risk
This study found anticoagulants were underutilized in eligible older people with AF. Guideline‐recommended stroke scoring systems, in combination with bleeding risk assessment, may assist RMMR service providers in determining the net clinical benefit of antithrombotic therapy in older adults with AF.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics - March 31, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: P. S. Nishtala, R. L. Castelino, G. M. Peterson, P. J. Hannan, M. S. Salahudeen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Antiplatelet treatment in stroke: new insights.
CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with an antiplatelet agent is recommended to reduce recurrent stroke and death in patients with a non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Moreover, clinicians should carefully assess the pros and cons in each case and individualize the need for prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy. PMID: 27291399 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - June 8, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Milionis H, Liontos A, Vemmos K, Spengos K Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Diverse functions and mechanisms of pericytes in ischemic stroke.
Abstract Pericytes are mural cells embedded in the basement membrane of microvessels. Because of such a unique position in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neurovascular unit (NVU), they receive, orchestrate and process signals from their neighboring cells to generate diverse neurovascular functions, including regulation of capillary hemodynamics, BBB permeability, clearance of toxic metabolites, angiogenesis, neuroinflammation and stem cell activity. During the different stages of ischemic stroke, pericytes play different roles: 1) On the hyperacute phase of stroke, pericytes constriction and death may be a caus...
Source: Current Neuropharmacology - January 11, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Yang S, Jin H, Zhu Y, Wan Y, Zhu L, Hu B Tags: Curr Neuropharmacol Source Type: research

Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and stroke.
Abstract Stroke is devastating cerebrovascular event which is responsible for 6.7 million deaths each year worldwide. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of stroke. Targeting inflammation after stroke is highly actual topic for both experimental and clinical research. Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CHAIP) is a physiological mechanism by which central nervous system regulates immune response and controls inflammation. Vagus nerve, spleen and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) are the main components of CHAIP. Targeting cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is a promisin...
Source: Current Drug Delivery - January 31, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Duris K, Lipkova J, Jurajda M Tags: Curr Drug Deliv Source Type: research