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Infectious Disease: Meningitis

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Total 603 results found since Jan 2013.

Neuro-Behcet's Syndrome:Case Reports Emphasizing Challenges of Early Diagnosis (P2.075)
CONCLUSIONS: In both cases, NBS was ultimately diagnosed based on characteristic MRI findings, particularly fluctuating brain stem-diencephalic involvement, superimposed on supportive clinical and CSF profiles. Challenges to early diagnosis are highlighted by our cases and by the literature. The differential diagnosis is often broad at onset. Mucocutaenous symptoms can be a clue but may not be present. Awareness of NBS and its neuroimaging correlates is critical to enable timely diagnosis, particularly given that this condition can favorably respond to steroids and steroid-sparing agents.Disclosure: Dr. Feldman has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Feldman, E. Tags: Neurological Consequences of Autoimmune Disease Source Type: research

Brachial Plexus Neuritis as Presenting Manifestation of Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis. (P6.323)
CONCLUSIONS:This is the first reported case of coccidioidomycosis presenting with PNS involvement. Both remote inflammatory changes and direct local fungal invasion noted in this case highlight the wide spectrum of clinico-pathological presentations seen in coccidioidomycosis infection. As this fungal disease is identified with increasing frequency, clinicians should be aware of its atypical manifestations. Study Supported by: Disclosure: Dr. Shah has nothing to disclose. Dr. Liao has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shanina has nothing to disclose. Dr. Smith has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Shah, R., Liao, B., Shanina, E., Smith, G. Tags: Fungi, Parasites, and Other Infectious Disorders Source Type: research

Madison Small And The Threat Of Bacterial Meningitis
Eighteen-year old high school student Madison Small of Ashburn, Virginia is dead after a swift and unexpected bacterial infection, reported ABC News. Small, an accomplished softball player, complained of a headache on the evening of Monday, Apr. 6 and was taken to the hospital, according to local news station WJLA in the video above. She died the next morning. On April 13, health investigators announced that she had died of bacterial meningitis, but said that her case was not part of a wider outbreak in the community. Bacterial meningitis is rare but severe. The infection, which can be caused by several different strai...
Source: Science - The Huffington Post - April 13, 2015 Category: Science Source Type: news

Nosocomial infections after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: time course and causative pathogens
ConclusionNosocomial infections after subarachnoid hemorrhage are common and mostly occur in the first week after ictus. Future studies should investigate if general hygienic measures, infection awareness, minimizing the duration of mechanical ventilation and use of catheters/drains, or prophylactic antibiotics reduce infections and improve functional outcome.
Source: International Journal of Stroke - April 1, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Kamil G. Laban, Gabriel J. E. Rinkel, Mervyn D. I. Vergouwen Tags: Research Source Type: research

Estimated deaths and illnesses averted during fungal meningitis outbreak associated with contaminated steroid injections, United States, 2012-2013.
Abstract During 2012-2013, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and partners responded to a multistate outbreak of fungal infections linked to methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) injections produced by a compounding pharmacy. We evaluated the effects of public health actions on the scope of this outbreak. A comparison of 60-day case-fatality rates and clinical characteristics of patients given a diagnosis on or before October 4, the date the outbreak was widely publicized, with those of patients given a diagnosis after October 4 showed that an estimated 3,150 MPA injections, 153 cases of meningitis or st...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - May 22, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Smith RM, Derado G, Wise M, Harris JR, Chiller T, Meltzer MI, Park BJ Tags: Emerg Infect Dis Source Type: research

The Expression and Significance of the Plasma Let-7 Family in Anti- N -methyl- d -aspartate Receptor Encephalitis
Abstract The study aimed to investigate the expression and significance of the plasma let-7 family in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Blood samples from 5 anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients and 5 negative controls were collected for microarray analysis. Blood samples from10 anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients, 10 anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients whose physical conditions have improved after 3 months of immunotherapy, 20 virus (meningitis) encephalitis patients, 20 tuberculosis (meningitis) encephalitis patients, 10 purulent (meningitis) encephalitis patients, 20 cerebral cysticercosis patient...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - June 23, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

National Trends and In-hospital Complication Rates in More Than 1600 Hemispherectomies From 1988 to 2010: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Study
CONCLUSION: This is the largest study to date examining hemispherectomy and associated in-hospital complication rates. This study supports early surgery in patients with medically intractable epilepsy and severe hemispheric disease. ABBREVIATIONS: ICD-9-CM, International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision–Clinical Modification NIS, Nationwide Inpatient Sample
Source: Neurosurgery - July 25, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Research-Human-Clinical Studies: Editor's Choice Source Type: research

Multiple intracranial arteritis and hypothyroidism secondary to Streptococcus anginosus infection
A 50-year-old Chinese woman reported a sharp paroxysmal headache and abrupt paralysis of the left leg. She then developed ptosis, blurred vision, diplopia and fever. On admission, a neurological examination revealed right III, IV, VI and left V1 cranial nerve palsy, bilateral upper eyelid oedema and left leg monoplegia (Medical Research Council grade 2/5). In addition, a left Babinski sign and nuchal rigidity were observed. Blood tests revealed elevated white cell count (WCC) and a majority of the cells were neutrophils. Lumbar puncture revealed that the WCC (120x106/μL) and protein level (0.79 g/L) of the cerebros...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - August 13, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Zhang, C., Xie, B., Shi, F.-D., Hao, J. Tags: Open access, Immunology (including allergy), Meningitis, Brain stem / cerebellum, Cranial nerves, Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Headache (including migraine), Infection (neurology), Pain (neurology), Stroke, Hypertension, Ophthalmology, Radiology, Musculo Source Type: research

Targeted temperature management: Current evidence and practices in critical care
Saurabh Saigal, Jai Prakash Sharma, Ritika Dhurwe, Sanjay Kumar, Mohan GurjarIndian Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2015 19(9):537-546Targeted temperature management (TTM) in today's modern era, especially in intensive care units represents a promising multifaceted therapy for a variety of conditions. Though hypothermia is being used since Hippocratic era, the renewed interest of late has been since early 21 st century. There have been multiple advancements in this field and varieties of cooling devices are available at present. TTM requires careful titration of its depth, duration and rewarming as it is associate...
Source: Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine - September 8, 2015 Category: Intensive Care Authors: Saurabh SaigalJai Prakash SharmaRitika DhurweSanjay KumarMohan Gurjar Source Type: research

Sudden neuropathological deaths: An autopsy study
Background Sudden or unexpected death can occur from unnatural causes, such as violence or poisoning, as well as from natural causes. Second to cardiac causes, neuropathology is one of the main causes of sudden natural death. In spite of the increasing incidence of neuropathological deaths, few studies have been conducted in Asia – hence the reason for the present study. Methods A 10-year (January 2003 to December 2012) retrospective study was conducted at the MS medico-legal institute in a metropolitan city of southern India. All the cases of sudden natural death, where the cause of death was opined to be due to a ...
Source: Medicine, Science and the Law - September 16, 2015 Category: Medical Law Authors: Hugar, B. S., Shetty, H., Girishchandra, Y., Hosahally, J. S. Tags: Original articles Source Type: research

Management of Intracranial Pressure
Purpose of Review:: Intracranial pressure (ICP) can be elevated in traumatic brain injury, large artery acute ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, intracranial neoplasms, and diffuse cerebral disorders such as meningitis, encephalitis, and acute hepatic failure. Raised ICP is also known as intracranial hypertension and is defined as a sustained ICP of greater than 20 mm Hg. Recent Findings:: ICP must be measured through an invasive brain catheter, typically an external ventricular catheter that can drain CSF and measure ICP, or through an intraparenchymal ICP probe. Proper recognition of the clinical signs of elevated...
Source: CONTINUUM - October 1, 2015 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Multiple strokes associated with herpes simplex virus type-2 infection: case report
Abstract Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-2 is known to cause meningitis and usually runs a benign course. Association of such infection with vasculitis of the central nervous system is not well known. Presented here is a case initially diagnosed as aseptic meningitis that subsequently evolved as stroke and exhibited angiographic evidence of widespread vasculitis of the intracranial vessels in association with a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HSV-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - October 6, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

aEEG and cEEG: two complementary techniques to assess seizures and encephalopathy in neonates
Electrographic seizures are frequent in critically-ill neonates [1]. In one of the most common conditions in the neonatal intensive care unit –hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy— seizures occur in approximately 30-60% of patients [2,3]. Most electrographic seizures occur in high-risk populations such as patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, stroke, cardiac surgery, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or meningitis, but can also occur in other neurologic and systemic conditions. Many neonatal seizures present with only subtle or no clinical signs [2].
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - October 24, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Iván Sánchez Fernández, Tobias Loddenkemper Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Cortical laminar necrosis due to refractory status epilepticus in a kidney transplant patient with cryptococcal meningitis
Publication date: Available online 17 November 2015 Source:Indian Journal of Transplantation Author(s): Zaheer Virani, Prashant Rajput, Pankaj Agarwal, Rashmi Badhe A 56-year-old diabetic male underwent kidney transplant in 2010. He was brought to the hospital with complaints of vomiting and altered sensorium of 10 days duration. Lumbar puncture revealed cryptococcal meningitis. He was promptly initiated on liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine. Immunosuppressive agents tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil were discontinued. There was an initial improvement in his sensorium but a few days later, he developed super...
Source: Indian Journal of Transplantation - November 17, 2015 Category: Transplant Surgery Source Type: research