• Filter By:
• Specialty
• Source
• Condition
• Cancer
• Infectious Disease
• Drug
• Training
• Management
• Procedure
• Therapy
• Vaccine
• Nutrition
• Country

Influence of Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Motor Training on Corticospinal Excitability in Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
Conclusion This proof-of-principle study evaluated the influence of cathodal contralesional tDCS on corticospinal excitability in pediatric participants with UCP. A hypothesized decrease in contralesional excitability was noted in participants in the Active+CIMT group, however, the efficacy of tDCS to modulate corticospinal excitability was not statistically different than the Sham+CIMT group. A more detailed understanding of how tDCS impacts M1 neurophysiology will be essential to inform future clinical trials on the optimal dosing parameters, based on individual brain circuitry, to explore the potential functional benef...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 23, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neurophysiological Analysis of Intermanual Transfer in Motor Learning
In this study, MEPs were induced during the subject’s imaged kinesthetic MI. This involves recalling muscle contraction based on a muscle sensory image and was reported to indicate the activity of brain regions similar to those involved in actual muscle contraction (Ruby and Decety, 2001). In the transfer training group, the muscle sensory image evaluation correlated to the actual task execution with the right hand. As a result, it was easy to recall the kinesthetic MI for the training task, thus affecting MI of the non-trained limbs so that MEP changes occurred in the left hand’s MI. In addition, brain exc...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 17, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Exploring Training Effect in 42 Human Subjects Using a Non-invasive Sensorimotor Rhythm Based Online BCI
Conclusion In this study, we analyzed a pooled dataset consisting of 42 subjects’ three BCI training sessions. The behavioral performance results showed that there was a significant increase of BCI PVC accuracy (p = 0.004) and a marginal significant improvement of ITR (p = 0.05) in the third training session compared to the first session. No other significant difference of behavioral measures such as group average abort rate or feedback duration was found across the training sessions. Further analysis on the group average R2 value indicated that there was a significant difference of the R2 value on the first traini...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 16, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

A Copernican Approach to Brain Advancement: The Paradigm of Allostatic Orchestration
The objective of this presentation is to explore historical, scientific, interventional, and other differences between the two paradigms, so that innovators, researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, patients, end-users, and others can gain clarity with respect to both the explicit and implicit assumptions associated with brain advancement agendas of any kind. Over the course of three decades, a series of brain-centric, evolution-inspired insights have been articulated with increasing refinement, as principles of allostasis (Sterling and Eyer, 1988; Sterling, 2004, 2012, 2014). Allostasis recognizes that the role of the ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 25, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

CNS Summit 2017 Abstracts of Poster Presentations
Conclusion: This novel technology discriminates and quantifies subtle differences in behavior and neurological impairments in subjects afflicted with neurological injury/disease. KINARM assessments can be incorporated into multi-center trials (e.g., monitoring stroke motor recovery: NCT02928393). Further studies will determine if KINARM Labs can demonstrate a clinical effect with fewer subjects over a shorter trial period. Disclosures/funding: Dr. Stephen Scott is the inventor of KINARM and CSO of BKIN Technologies.   Multiplexed mass spectrometry assay identifies neurodegeneration biomarkers in CSF Presenter: Chelsky...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - November 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICNS Online Editor Tags: Assessment Tools biomarkers Cognition Current Issue Drug Development General Genetics Medical Issues Neurology Patient Assessment Psychopharmacology Scales Special Issues Supplements Trial Methodology clinical trials CNS Su Source Type: research

Morphological and Whole-Word Semantic Processing Are Distinct: Event Related Potentials Evidence From Spoken Word Recognition in Chinese
In conclusion, the present study provides electrophysiological evidence of the dissociation of morphological and whole-word semantic processing in Chinese spoken word processing. The results identified a central-anterior morphological N400 effect when morphemic meaning conflicts with whole-word semantics, in addition to a classic semantic N400 effect with significantly reduced amplitude in central-parietal areas. Our results also showed that the morphological N400 effect is negatively correlated with reading ability. These results demonstrate the important role of morphological processing in Chinese spoken word recognition...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 16, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Collectivism Is Associated With Greater Neurocognitive Fluency in Older Adults
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of self-construal on neurocognitive functions in older adults. A total of 86 community-dwelling older adults 60 years and older were assessed with three common self-report measures of self-construal along individualism and collectivism (IC). A cognitive battery was administered to assess verbal and non-verbal fluency abilities. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to categorize individuals according to IC, and one-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), including relevant covariates (e.g., ethnicity, gender, linguistic abilities), were used to compare neurocognitive functions between ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 10, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Sensory Re-weighting for Postural Control in Parkinson ’s Disease
In this study, we focused primarily on the change of sensory weighting parameters when sensory conditions change. We also tested the additional hypothesis that levodopa medication would improve sensory weighting for postural control. Materials and Methods Subjects The Institutional Review Board at Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) approved the protocol for this experiment, and all subjects gave informed consent prior to participating. Eight subjects with PD (three female) and eight healthy, age-matched controls (two female) were recruited from the Balance Disorders Laboratory database and the Parkinson’...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 16, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Use in Warfighting: Benefits, Risks, and Future Prospects
Conclusion The aim of this paper was to examine whether military tDCS use can be efficacious and ethical in military settings. Our assessment is that tDCS offers a number of cognitive, motor, and perceptual enhancement opportunities which could provide value in military situations like training and operations. There is potential scope for use in a number of key areas that directly affect practical battlefield advantage and survivability, such as deceptive capabilities, risk-taking, threat detection, perception, and physiological improvement. Additionally, tDCS has the potential to improve command and control decision maki...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 17, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Modulating Applied Task Performance via Transcranial Electrical Stimulation
Conclusion tES may prove valuable for modulating applied task performance, though research in this area warrants careful consideration of several individual-, context-, and task-related factors that may predict the robustness and directionality of tES effects. Whereas most applied research with tES has administered tDCS, tACS and tRNS have also shown potential to modulate cortical activity and behavior. Even in highly applied and dynamic tasks, such as navigation and driving, tES appears to carry some performance benefits. This is compelling because as tES is slowly incorporated into highly complex real-world environments...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 29, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research