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P 168. TMS neurophysiology and interventional rTMS in children with perinatal stroke: Safety and tolerability in the PLASTIC CHAMPS trial
Introduction/Question: Perinatal stroke causes hemiplegic cerebral palsy and lifelong disability. TMS can define neurophysiology and central therapeutic targets while rTMS carries therapeutic potential in adult stroke but have not been applied to the more plastic developing brain. Ipsilateral projections from the unlesioned hemisphere to the affected hand are prominent in this population and the effects of non-lesioned inhibitory rTMS are unknown.Methods: PLASTIC CHAMPS is a randomized, blinded, factorial clinical trial of rTMS and constraint therapy (CIMT) to enhance upper extremity function in children (6–18years) with...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: T. Rajapakse, O. Kirton, J. Roe, A. Kirton Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

A Case of Transient Global Amnesia: A Review and How It May Shed Further Insight into the Neurobiology of Delusions
Conclusion In closing, our patient’s episode of TGA combined with her emotional and perceptual response lends credence to the proposal of a “fear/paranoia” circuit in the genesis of paranoid delusions—a circuit incorporating amygdala, frontal, and parietal cortices. Here, neutral or irrelevant stimuli, thoughts, and percepts come to engender fear and anxiety, while dysfunction in frontoparietal circuitry engenders inappropriate social predictions and maladaptive inferences about the intentions of others.[54] Hippocampus relays information about contextual information based on past experiences and the current situat...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - April 1, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Anxiety Disorders Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Case Report Cognition Current Issue Dementia Medical Issues Neurologic Systems and Symptoms Psychiatry Schizophrenia delusions hippocampus neurobiology Transient global amnesia Source Type: research

A Copernican Approach to Brain Advancement: The Paradigm of Allostatic Orchestration
The objective of this presentation is to explore historical, scientific, interventional, and other differences between the two paradigms, so that innovators, researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, patients, end-users, and others can gain clarity with respect to both the explicit and implicit assumptions associated with brain advancement agendas of any kind. Over the course of three decades, a series of brain-centric, evolution-inspired insights have been articulated with increasing refinement, as principles of allostasis (Sterling and Eyer, 1988; Sterling, 2004, 2012, 2014). Allostasis recognizes that the role of the ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 25, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

MMP‐9 in Translation: From Molecule to Brain Physiology, Pathology and Therapy
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - November 3, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Behnam Vafadari, Ahmad Salamian, Leszek Kaczmarek Tags: Review Source Type: research

Neuroscience meets salivary bioscience: An integrative perspective.
Advances in salivary bioscience enable unique opportunities to explore individual differences in biological mechanisms related to learning and memory, psychiatric disorders, and more recently neurodegenerative diseases, neurotrauma/stroke, pain, and sleep. Sampling oral fluid is not only minimally invasive, but specimens can be collected easily and quickly in clinical and field settings. Salivary analytes allow neuroscientists to index endocrine, autonomic, immune, metabolic, and inflammatory processes within close proximity of discrete behavioral, biological, and social events, which is particularly important to advancing...
Source: Behavioral Neuroscience - March 14, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Segal, Sabrina K. Source Type: research

MMP‐9 in translation: from molecule to brain physiology, pathology, and therapy
This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue. MMP‐9, through cleavage of specific target proteins, plays a major role in synaptic plasticity and neuroinflammation, and by those virtues contributes to brain physiology and a host of neurological and psychiatric disorders. This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue.
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - March 21, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Behnam Vafadari, Ahmad Salamian, Leszek Kaczmarek Tags: Bench to Bedside Source Type: research

MMP ‐9 in translation: from molecule to brain physiology, pathology, and therapy
This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue. MMP‐9, through cleavage of specific target proteins, plays a major role in synaptic plasticity and neuroinflammation, and by those virtues contributes to brain physiology and a host of neurological and psychiatric disorders. This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue.
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - March 20, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Behnam Vafadari, Ahmad Salamian, Leszek Kaczmarek Tags: Bench to Bedside Source Type: research

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Use in Warfighting: Benefits, Risks, and Future Prospects
Conclusion The aim of this paper was to examine whether military tDCS use can be efficacious and ethical in military settings. Our assessment is that tDCS offers a number of cognitive, motor, and perceptual enhancement opportunities which could provide value in military situations like training and operations. There is potential scope for use in a number of key areas that directly affect practical battlefield advantage and survivability, such as deceptive capabilities, risk-taking, threat detection, perception, and physiological improvement. Additionally, tDCS has the potential to improve command and control decision maki...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 17, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research