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Condition: ALS

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Total 644 results found since Jan 2013.

Neural Mechanisms Contributing to Dysphagia in Mouse Models
Investigative research into curative treatments for dysphagia is hindered by our incomplete understanding of the neural mechanisms of swallowing in health and disease. Development of translational research models is essential to bridge this knowledge gap by fostering innovative methodology. Toward this goal, our laboratory has developed a translational research assessment tool to investigate the neural mechanistic control of swallowing in unrestrained, self-feeding mice. Here we describe our initial development of synchronous brainstem neural recordings with a videofluoroscopic swallow study assay in healthy mice across th...
Source: Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - July 31, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Hinkel, C. J., Sharma, R., Thakkar, M. M., Takahashi, K., Hopewell, B. L., Lever, T. E. Tags: Laryngology and Neurolaryngology Source Type: research

Tau Imaging Among Breakthroughs Advancing the Fight against Alzheimer ' s
Worldwide,  nearly44 million  people now have Alzheimer ' s disease (AD) or related dementia, making these conditions the  top cause of disabilities in later life. The biopharma industry has invested billions of dollars into research to treat and prevent AD1, yet this work has faced many obstacles, including difficulty identifying biomarkers, tracking the disease ’s progress in the brain, and recruiting patients to trials while they are still asymptomatic. But in recent years, we’ve begun to see breakthroughs that is driving our research in new directions. Many of these accomplishments were highlighted at the Alzh...
Source: EyeForPharma - September 21, 2016 Category: Pharmaceuticals Authors: Olga Uspenskaya-Cadoz Source Type: news

Computer-brain interface helps locked-in patient communicate, albeit slowly
(Reuters) – Doctors in the Netherlands say they have successfully tested an implantable computer-brain interface that allowed the mind of a “locked-in” patient to spell messages at the rate of two letters per minute. The system was tested on a 58-year-old woman in the late stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS. Unable to speak or move her muscles, she had to identify the letters by imagining that she was moving her right hand. Previously, her only method to communicate was through eye movements and blinks. “We’ve built a system that’s reliable and autonomous that works at home ...
Source: Mass Device - November 14, 2016 Category: Medical Equipment Authors: MassDevice Tags: Neurological Source Type: news

Creatine Revealed Anticonvulsant Properties on Chemically and Electrically Induced Seizures in ...
In conclusion, creatine exerts anticonvulsant effects in three seizure models; therefore it may act as a potential drug to help patients with convulsions. However, further investigations should be done to clarify these results more.
Source: Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research - November 14, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Philips launches Intellispace Portal 9.0 radiological visual analysis & quantification platform
Royal Philips (NYSE:PHG) said today it launched its IntelliSpace Portal 9.0, the most recent iteration of its radiological visual analysis and quantification platform. The new version of the platform utilizes machine learning to aid operating radiologists in detecting, diagnosing and following-up on treatment for diseases and traumas, such as brain juries and neurological disorders including dementia, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. “As the rates of dementia and neurodegeneration rise, neuroradiologists need advanced tools to help referring physicians treat these challenging cases. Inte...
Source: Mass Device - November 29, 2016 Category: Medical Equipment Authors: Fink Densford Tags: Business/Financial News Imaging Software / IT Royal Philips Source Type: news

Barrier function in the peripheral and central nervous system-a review.
Abstract The peripheral (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) are delicate structures, highly sensitive to homeostatic changes-and crucial for basic vital functions. Thus, a selection of barriers ensures the protection of the nervous system from noxious blood-borne or surrounding stimuli. In this chapter, anatomy and functioning of the blood-nerve (BNB), the blood-brain (BBB), and the blood-spinal cord barriers (BSCB) are presented and the key tight junction (TJ) proteins described: claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-5, claudin-11, claudin-12, claudin-19, occludin, Zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), and tricellulin are by now i...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - December 11, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Reinhold AK, Rittner HL Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: research

Cochrane Priority Reviews List: December 2016 Update
Cochrane-wide prioritisation remains an important project, with over 140 priority reviews or updates have been published since it began in January 2015.The December 2016 revision of the Cochrane Priority Reviews List includes new titles from the Cochrane Airways, Anaesthesia, Dementia& Cognitive Improvement, ENT, Epilepsy, Gynaecological, Neuro-oncology and Orphan Cancers, Gynaecology& Fertility, Haematological Malignancies, Heart, Incontinence, Kidney& Transplant, Lung Cancer, Neuromuscular Disease, Oral Health, Skin, Stroke, and Urology Groups.The following titles on the list are open to new authors:Long-acti...
Source: Cochrane News and Events - December 14, 2016 Category: Information Technology Authors: mumoquit at cochrane.org Source Type: news

Vegf mimic peptides: potential applications in central nervous system therapeutics
Publication date: Available online 22 December 2016 Source:New Horizons in Translational Medicine Author(s): Luca Domenico D'Andrea, Lucia De Rosa, Chiara Vigliotti, Mauro Cataldi VEGF is expressed in central nervous system and its expression increases in hypoxia and in inflammatory brain disorders. A wealth of data suggests that VEGF may exert neuroprotective activities and promote neuroregeneration in disease status. Moreover, the risk of developing certain neurological disorders may be dependent on dysfunction in the VEGF system. Therefore, a strong rationale does exist to suggest that VEGF-based therapeutics could be ...
Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine - December 21, 2016 Category: Research Source Type: research

Outcomes of Palatal Lift Prosthesis on Dysarthric Speech
Conclusion: The use of PLP is an effective treatment option of dysarthric speech. Besides nasalance scores, the sequential motion rate, speech rate, vital capacity, and sound pressure level are considered reliable speech measures that may be used to evaluate the effect of PLP on dysarthria.
Source: Journal of Craniofacial Surgery - January 1, 2017 Category: Surgery Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Creatine Revealed Anticonvulsant Properties on Chemically and Electrically Induced Seizures in Mice
In conclusion, creatine exerts anticonvulsant effects in three seizure models; therefore it may act as a potential drug to help patients with convulsions. However, further investigations should be done to clarify these results more.
Source: Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research - October 31, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Natural history and the dawning of a new era for familial ALS
To date, more than 20 different genes have been discovered linked to the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), with C9ORF72, TARDBP, SOD1 and FUS being the most prevalent.1 Since the discovery of the SOD1 mutation in 1993—the first gene associated with the disease—models based on this genetic mutation have made a significant contribution to understanding ALS pathogenesis. So far, more than 180 SOD1 mutations have been described, further contributing to ALS heterogeneity through expression as different clinical phenotypes. However, despite these advances in genetic understanding, ALS remains a univ...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - January 12, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Matamala, J. M., Kiernan, M. C. Tags: Genetics, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Motor neurone disease, Neuromuscular disease, Spinal cord, Stroke Editorial commentaries Source Type: research

ADAMTS ‐4 in central nervous system pathologies
Abstract ADAMTS‐4 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs type 4) is a metalloproteinase specialized in the degradation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, contributing to cartilage breakdown during arthritis. In this review, we first focus on the modifications of ADAMTS‐4 expression during CNS physiological and pathological conditions, including chronic diseases and injuries. Then, we discuss the contributions of ADAMTS‐4 to mechanisms mediating neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration during spinal cord injury, ischemic stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's ...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - January 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sighild Lemarchant, Sara Wojciechowski, Denis Vivien, Jari Koistinaho Tags: Review Source Type: research

Defining recovery neurobiology of injured spinal cord by synthetic matrix-assisted hMSC implantation Neuroscience
Mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from adult tissues offer tangible potential for regenerative medicine, given their feasibility for autologous transplantation. MSC research shows encouraging results in experimental stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and neurotrauma models. However, further translational progress has been hampered by poor MSC graft survival, jeopardizing cellular and...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - January 30, 2017 Category: Science Authors: Alexander E. Ropper, Devang K. Thakor, InBo Han, Dou Yu, Xiang Zeng, Jamie E. Anderson, Zaid Aljuboori, Soo-Woo Kim, Hongjun Wang, Richard L. Sidman, Ross D. Zafonte, Yang D. Teng Tags: PNAS Plus Source Type: research

Tauopathies - focus on changes at the neurovascular unit.
Abstract In the past, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) had been characterized mainly as a layer of endothelial cells forming the vessel/capillary wall of the brain. More recently, the BBB is considered to be a part of a highly dynamic and interactive system called the neurovascular unit (NVU), consisting of vascular cells, glial cells, and neurons. The list of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies involving BBB dysfunction is rapidly growing. The opening of the BBB and subsequent infiltration of serum components to the brain can lead to host of processes resulting in progressive synaptic and neuronal dysfunction a...
Source: Current Alzheimer Research - February 2, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Michalicova A, Banks WA, Legath J, Kovac A Tags: Curr Alzheimer Res Source Type: research

Therapeutic targeting of the pathological triad of extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signaling in neurodegenerations
Activation of extrasynaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors causes neurodegeneration and cell death. The disease mechanism involves a pathological triad consisting of mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of integrity of neuronal structures and connectivity, and disruption of excitation–transcription coupling caused by CREB (cyclic adenosine monophosphate–responsive element-binding protein) shut-off and nuclear accumulation of class IIa histone deacetylases. Interdependency within the triad fuels an accelerating disease progression that culminates in failure of mitochondrial energy production and cell loss. Bot...
Source: The Journal of Experimental Medicine - March 5, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Bading, H. Tags: Neuroscience Review Source Type: research