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Risk of cardiovascular disease: The effects of diabetes and anti-diabetic drugs — A nested case–control study
Type 2 diabetes (DM) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. We investigated the effects of antidiabetic drugs on the composite endpoint (CE) of ischemic heart disease, heart failure or stroke in DM patients.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - November 13, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Michael Gejl, Jakob Starup-Linde, Jan Scheel-Thomsen, Soeren Gregersen, Peter Vestergaard Source Type: research

Relationship between macular and retinal diseases with prevalent atrial fibrillation — An analysis of the Australian Heart Eye Study
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent cardiac arrhythmia, which significantly and independently predicts morbidity and mortality. AF increases overall mortality risk by 40–90%, and may be associated with underlying cardiovascular disorders including stroke and heart failure [1]. Ocular diseases including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinal vessel calibre changes are also significant predictors of cardiovascular disease and blood pressure [2]. However, their relationship with cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation has been relatively unexplored.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - October 22, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kevin Phan, Paul Mitchell, Gerald Liew, Sarah B. Wang, Adam J. Plant, Aravinda Thiagalingam, George Burlutsky, Bamini Gopinath Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Primary prophylactic anticoagulation is mandatory if noncompaction is associated with atrial fibrillation or heart failure
Whether patients with left ventricular hypertrabeculation / noncompaction (LVHT) require primary prophylaxis with oral anticoagulation (OAC) to prevent stroke / embolism is unsolved [1]. However, if LVHT is associated with atrial fibrillation (AFIB) / atrial flutter (AFLU), or systolic dysfunction or both, OAC for primary prophylaxis of embolism is mandatory, as illustrated by the following case.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - February 23, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Josef Finsterer, Claudia Stöllberger Tags: Letter to the editor Source Type: research

Effects of slow breathing rate on blood pressure and heart rate variabilities in essential hypertension
Hypertension is a chronic disorder with a high prevalence worldwide and it is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Higher the long-term level of blood pressure, greater the chances of hypertension complications, such as myocardial infarction, renal failure, stroke, and heart failure [1]. These complications are among the common and leading causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the globe. As a result there are increasing cost burdens on healthcare systems with anti-hypertensives accounting for 15% of the total cost of all medications prescribed in primary care.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - February 28, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Qinghua Chang, Renguang Liu, Changjun Li, Zhongyuan Shen Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

The effects of angiotensin receptor blockers on outcomes of Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, current estimated global prevalence of AF is 1-2% among the general population [1], and it is associated with a 5-fold risk of stroke and 3-fold incidence of congestive heart failure, and higher mortality and morbidity [1].The pathogenesis of AF is multifactorial, both the electrical remodeling and structural remodeling are involving in the initial and maintenance of this arrhythmia [2]. Recently, evidence shows that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has been involved in both atrial structural remodeling and electrical remodeling [2].
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - March 25, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Juan Wang, Yan-min Yang, Jun Zhu, Xing-hui Shao, Han Zhang, Bi Huang, Huai-bin Wan Tags: Letter to the editor Source Type: research

Myasthenia gravis. A potential cause of false positively elevated troponin T? Case report and brief review
Both cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and I (cTnI) are the biomarkers of choice for the evaluation of patients with possible cardiac injury [1]. Myocardial ischemia remains the most frequent primary cardiac cause of troponin-T positivity (59%). Atrial fibrillation, heart failure, renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive lung disease, acute stroke and infections may also produce troponin elevation, a potential [2]. Several neuromuscular diseases have been associated with troponin-T positivity [3]. These patients may show increases in cTnT and CK-MB concomitantly, but not in cTnI which is related to the underlying skeletal muscle d...
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - July 4, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: G. Stavroulakis, M. Papadopoulou, G. Koutroulis, V. Zouvelou, J. Katsavochristos, E. Georgiadis, C. Baltogiannis, G. Avrampos Source Type: research

Serum uric acid is associated with aortic dissection in Chinese men
Aortic dissection (AD) is a severe cardiovascular disease with high mortality. During the past decade, several risk factors have been identified associated with AD, including male sex, older age, hypertension and Marfan syndrome [1]. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that serum uric acid (UA) is positively associated with the development of hypertension, stroke, heart failure, atherosclerosis and aneurysm [2–6]. Therefore, we performed a hospital-based case–control study to investigate the association between serum UA levels and AD risk.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - August 25, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wei-Long Jiang, Xu Qi, Xiao Li, Yu-Feng Zhang, Qing-Qing Xia, Jian-Chang Chen Source Type: research

Magnitude of rate of change in kidney function and future risk of cardiovascular events
Using a community-based cohort we sought to investigate the association between change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and risk of incident cardiovascular disease including congestive heart failure (CHF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and stroke.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - September 25, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Tanvir Chowdhury Turin, Min Jun, Matthew T. James, Marcello Tonelli, Joseph Coresh, Braden J. Manns, Brenda R. Hemmelgarn Source Type: research

Targeting histamine-2 receptor for prevention of cardiac remodelling in chronic pressure overload
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an adaptive outcome secondary to chronic untreated hypertension (HTN). It is hallmarked by reactivation of foetal genes, increased myocyte mass and augmented extracellular matrix deposition. LVH leads to diastolic dysfunction and is considered to increase the risk of cardiovascular conditions like coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure and sudden cardiac death [1,2]. Normalisation of blood pressure alone does not prevent progressive cardiac remodelling.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - October 6, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ajay Godwin Potnuri, Lingesh Allakonda, Arulvelan Appavoo, Sherin Saheera, Renuka R. Nair Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

120mmHg versus 140mmHg: Facing the challenge of systolic blood pressure goal
Hypertension is the most common disease around the world, which will eventually lead to myocardial infarction, heart failure, renal failure and stroke if not detected early and treated appropriately. It is the biggest single contributor to the global burden of disease and to global prevalence (Overall the prevalence around 30–45% of the general population) and mortality (leading to nearly 10 million deaths per year) [1,2]. In US, the prevalence of hypertension among adults is 29.1% (estimated to affect 68 million persons) [3].
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - October 18, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Huibo Wang, Jun Yang, Jian Yang, Chaojun Yang, Zhixing Fan, Weiling Huang Source Type: research

Peripheral arterial disease and atrial fibrillation and risk of stroke, heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death: a nationwide cohort study
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) share several comorbidities and contribute to similar cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. Only few studies have evaluated the correlation between PAD, AF, and their interaction effects on CV outcomes.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - October 18, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Yu-Sheng Lin, Tao-Hsin Tung, Jui Wang, Yu-Fen Chen, Tien-Hsing Chen, Ming-Sheng Lin, Ching-Chi Chi, Mien-Cheng Chen Source Type: research

Association between hyperuricemia and outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Uric acid is the end product of purine catabolism. Lot of previous studies have found that hyperuricemia (HU) as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease such as atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease [1,2]. Also, HU is a predictor of adverse prognosis in different cardiocerebral disease, such as acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and acute stroke. However, the predictive value of HU in the prognosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is less known.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - November 28, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Lei Wu, Lan-Ju Yang, Xiao-Yan Meng, Lan-Hua Wang, Yan-Hong Zhou, Tao Liu, Qian-Feng Han, De-Yong Zhang, Heng-Chen Yao Source Type: research

Predictive value of circulating fibroblast growth factor-23 on atrial fibrillation: A Meta-analysis
Atrial fibrillation, which can result in stroke and thromboembolism in an approximately 5-fold increased risk, has been a growing burden to health care system with the aging of the population [1,2]. Traditional risk factors for AF have been attributed primarily to hypertension [3], coronary artery disease, heart failure [4,5], valvular heart disease, diabetes mellitus [6,7] and chronic kidney disease [8,9]. However, those risk factors only partly explain the incident and prevalent atrial fibrillation, further identification of novel, modifiable risk factors is eagerly pursued.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - February 18, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Lei Meng, Yajuan Yang, Zhiwei Zhang, Guangping Li, Tong Liu Source Type: research

A novel therapeutic approach for Central Sleep apnea: Phrenic nerve stimulation by the remedē® system
Central sleep apnea is a devastating disease which occurs in approximately 40% of patients with heart failure as well as patients with a history of stroke, opioid use and neurological conditions. It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in heart failure likely due to the recurrent episodes of hypoxia and nor-epinephrine release. There have historically been few therapeutic options; positive airway pressure therapies have been the most common treatment to date. However, the adoption of positive airway pressure therapies has been limited due to poor patient adherence and acceptance and recent evidence of incre...
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - February 23, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Susan Joseph, Maria Rosa Costanzo Source Type: research

Energy metabolic alterations in the progression of atrial fibrillation: Potential role of AMP-activated protein kinase as a critical regulator
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia associated with increased risk of heart failure and stroke [1]. Accumulating studies have revealed that a series of striking alterations in atrial electrical, structural, and autonomic properties is critical to most acquired forms of AF [2–3]. However, the impact of cardiac energy metabolism upon the initiation or persistence of AF is incompletely understood. Metabolomic and proteomic analyses have indicated a close relationship between metabolic dysfunction and AF development [4].
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - March 14, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jie Qiu, Shenghua Zhou, Qiming Liu Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

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