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Recent advances in the structure and activation mechanisms of metabolite-releasing Pannexin 1 channels
Biochem Soc Trans. 2023 Aug 25:BST20230038. doi: 10.1042/BST20230038. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPannexin 1 (PANX1) is a widely expressed large-pore ion channel located in the plasma membrane of almost all vertebrate cells. It possesses a unique ability to act as a conduit for both inorganic ions (e.g. potassium or chloride) and bioactive metabolites (e.g. ATP or glutamate), thereby activating varying signaling pathways in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Given its crucial role in cell-cell interactions, the activity of PANX1 has been implicated in maintaining homeostasis of cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems....
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - August 25, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yi-Ling Wu Ai-Hsing Yang Yu-Hsin Chiu Source Type: research

Orexin-A alleviates astrocytic apoptosis and inflammation via Inhibiting OX1R-mediated NF- κB and MAPK signaling pathways in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2021 Aug 3:166230. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166230. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOrexin-A (OXA) is a neuropeptide with neuroprotective effect by reducing cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Inflammation and apoptosis mediated by astrocyte activation are the key pathological mechanisms for CIRI. We thus attempted to confirm neuroprotective effects of OXA on astrocytic inflammation and apoptosis in CIRI and clarify the relative mechanisms. A middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model and U251 glioma cells model subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation an...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - August 6, 2021 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Dandan Xu Tingting Kong Ziqi Shao Minghui Liu Rumin Zhang Shengnan Zhang Qingxia Kong Jing Chen Baohua Cheng Chunmei Wang Source Type: research

Oxytocin improves ischemic stroke by reducing expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 3 in rat MCAO model
This study investigates the neuroprotective effect of OT in an animal model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and the possible role of EAAT3. Transient MCAO was performed as a model of ischemic stroke in male rats and then OT was administrated intra-nasally. Infarct volume was measured by 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Nissl staining method was performed for the evaluation of neuronal cell morphology. Immunohistochemistry assay was performed to analyze the EAAT3 expression in the ischemic region. OT significantly reduced the infarct volume in the cerebral cortex and striatum after ischemia (P<...
Source: Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry - March 31, 2021 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Parinaz Barahimi Mohammad Karimian Majid Nejati Abolfazl Azami Tameh Mohammad Ali Atlasi Source Type: research

Polyacrylic acid-coated nanoparticles loaded with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for the treatment of mice with ischemic stroke.
Abstract Nanoparticle-based thrombolysis is a potential new treatment for stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of targeted thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). The rtPA was covalently bound to magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and maintained at the target site using an external magnet. Polyacrylic acid (PAA)-coated MNP were synthesized and rtPA was then bound to the resultant PAA-MNP via carbodiimide-mediated amide bonds. For the in vitro tests, blood clots were formed in plastic centrifuge tubes with anti-coagulated plasma, thrombin and calcium chloride. For the...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - June 20, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Huang L, Wang J, Huang S, Siaw-Debrah F, Nyanzu M, Zhuge Q Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

LncRNA SNHG12 as a potent autophagy inducer exerts neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Abstract Long-non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 12(SNHG12) was reported to be highly up-regulated in brain microvascular endothelium after cerebral ischemia. Autophagy has been shown to have protective effects against cerebral ischemic insults. However, molecular mechanisms of SNHG12 in regulating autophagy during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remain unclear. Here, we established middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in mice and adopted oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) SH-SY5Y cell model to mimic cerebral I/R injury in vitro. Triphenyltetrazolium chl...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - May 1, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yao X, Yao R, Huang F, Yi J Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Overexpression of Egr2 and Egr4 protects rat brains against ischemic stroke by downregulating JNK signaling pathway.
CONCLUSION: Upregulation of Egr2 and Egr4 could demote the activation of JNK/c-JUN pathway and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in MCAO rats, so that Egr2 and Egr4 might be potential targets for ischemic stroke in future. PMID: 29580816 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biochimie - March 23, 2018 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Niu RN, Shang XP, Teng JF Tags: Biochimie Source Type: research

Progression of vasogenic edema induced by activated microglia under permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion.
In this study, we examined the role of microglia in the progression of ischemic brain edema using mice with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. The intensity of T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) in the cerebral cortex and the striatum was elevated 3 h after occlusion and spread to peripheral regions of the ischemic hemisphere. Merged images of 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining and T2WI revealed the exact vasogenic edema region, which spread from the ischemic core to outside the ischemic region. Microglia were strongly activated in the ischemic region 3 h after occlusion and, notably, activated microglia we...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - January 15, 2018 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Tanaka M, Ishihara Y, Mizuno S, Ishida A, Vogel CF, Tsuji M, Yamazaki T, Itoh K Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Inhibition of SNK ‐SPAR signaling pathway promotes the restoration of motor function in a rat model of ischemic stroke
This study aimed to investigate the effects of SPAR signaling pathway on the restoration of motor function in ischemic stroke (IS). Sprague‐Dawley male rats were separated into the control and sham groups, as well as the group for middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model establishment. Successfully established rat ischemic models were randomly divided into model, SNKMCAO‐del and pcDNA3.1‐SNK groups. The evaluation of motor function among the rats in each group was assessed using a balance beam, a screen test and the Garcia scoring method. CatWalk gait analysis was employed to evaluate the effect of the SNK signa...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - July 11, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Qing ‐Yu Fan, Jing‐Jie Liu, Gui‐Lian Zhang, Hai‐Qin Wu, Ru Zhang, Shu‐Qin Zhan, Na Liu Tags: Article Source Type: research