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Relationships of high cardiac output with ventricular morphology, myocardial energetics, and energy costs in hemodialysis patients with preserved ejection fraction
AbstractHemodialysis patients have conditions that increase cardiac output (CO), including arteriovenous fistula, fluid retention, vasodilator use, and anemia. We sought to determine the relationships between these factors and CO and to evaluate the effects of the high-output states on ventricular morphology, function, and myocardial energetics in hemodialysis patients, using noninvasive load-insensitive indices. Cardiovascular function was assessed in hemodialysis patients with high output [ejection fraction  ≥ 50%, cardiac index (CI) >  3.5 L/min/m2, n  = 30], those with normal output (CI <  3.0�...
Source: The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging - October 16, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Modified Dual-Energy Algorithm for Calcified Plaque Removal: Evaluation in Carotid Computed Tomography Angiography and Comparison With Digital Subtraction Angiography
Objectives: Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is a valuable tool for the assessment of carotid artery stenosis. However, blooming artifacts from calcified plaques might result in an overestimation of the stenosis grade. The aim of this study was to investigate a new dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) technique with a modified 3-material decomposition algorithm for calcium removal in extracranial carotid artery stenosis. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective, institutional review board-approved study, 30 calcified carotid plaques in 22 patients (15 men; mean age, 73 ± 10 years) with clinical suspicion of st...
Source: Investigative Radiology - October 11, 2017 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Association between Intracranial Atherosclerotic Calcium Burden and Angiographic Luminal Stenosis Measurements ADULT BRAIN
CONCLUSIONS: There is a weak correlation between intracranial atherosclerotic calcium scores and luminal narrowing, which may be explained by the greater sensitivity of CT than angiography in detecting the presence of measurable atherosclerotic disease. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the relationship between stenosis and calcium burden in predicting stroke risk.
Source: American Journal of Neuroradiology - September 8, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Baradaran, H., Patel, P., Gialdini, G., Giambrone, A., Lerario, M. P., Navi, B. B., Min, J. K., Iadecola, C., Kamel, H., Gupta, A. Tags: ADULT BRAIN Source Type: research

Plaque Composition in the Proximal Superficial Femoral Artery and Peripheral Artery Disease Events
Conclusions Among patients with PAD, LRNC in the SFA was associated with higher rates of clinical PAD events, and this association was independent of ABI. Further study is needed to determine whether interventions that reduce SFA LRNC prevent PAD events.
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Imaging - September 4, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: McDermott, M. M., Kramer, C. M., Tian, L., Carr, J., Guralnik, J. M., Polonsky, T., Carroll, T., Kibbe, M., Criqui, M. H., Ferrucci, L., Zhao, L., Hippe, D. S., Wilkins, J., Xu, D., Liao, Y., McCarthy, W., Yuan, C. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Coronary Artery Calcium and Risk of Dementia in MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) Epidemiology
Conclusions— Higher baseline CAC was significantly associated with increased risk of dementia independent of vascular risk factor, APOE-4, and incident stroke. This is consistent with a hypothesis that vascular injuries play a role in the development of dementia.
Source: Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging - May 2, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Fujiyoshi, A., Jacobs, D. R., Fitzpatrick, A. L., Alonso, A., Duprez, D. A., Sharrett, A. R., Seeman, T., Blaha, M. J., Luchsinger, J. A., Rapp, S. R. Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Greater Volume but not Higher Density of Abdominal Aortic Calcium Is Associated With Increased Cardiovascular Disease Risk: MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) Outcomes Research
Conclusions— The Agatston method of upweighting calcium scores for greater density may be inappropriate for CVD risk prediction in both the abdominal aorta and coronary arteries.
Source: Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging - November 9, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Forbang, N. I., Michos, E. D., McClelland, R. L., Remigio-Baker, R. A., Allison, M. A., Sandfort, V., Ix, J. H., Thomas, I., Rifkin, D. E., Criqui, M. H. Tags: Cardiovascular Disease, Computerized Tomography (CT), Atherosclerosis Outcomes Research Source Type: research

Principles and Clinical Application of Dual-energy Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Cerebrovascular Disease
Charlie Chia-Tsong Hsu, Gigi Nga Chi Kwan, Dalveer Singh, Jit Pratap, Trevor William WatkinsJournal of Clinical Imaging Science 2016 6(1):27-27Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) simultaneously acquires images at two X-ray energy levels, at both high- and low-peak voltages (kVp). The material attenuation difference obtained from the two X-ray energies can be processed by software to analyze material decomposition and to create additional image datasets, namely, virtual noncontrast, virtual contrast also known as iodine overlay, and bone/calcium subtraction images. DECT has a vast array of clinical applications in imagin...
Source: Journal of Clinical Imaging Science - June 28, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Charlie Chia-Tsong HsuGigi Nga Chi KwanDalveer SinghJit PratapTrevor William Watkins Source Type: research

Coronary artery calcium scores and cardiovascular risk factors in 31,545 asymptomatic Korean adults
Abstract The aims of this study were to identify the distribution of coronary artery calcium score (CACS) by age group and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and to evaluate the association between CV risk factors and CACS classification in asymptomatic adults. The study included 31,545 asymptomatic Koreans, over 20 years of age with no previous history of malignancy, proven coronary artery disease, or stroke, who underwent CACS computed tomography at the Health Promotion Center, Samsung Medical Center, between January 2005 and June 2013. Mean (±SD) age was 53.8 (±8.5) years overall, 56.1 (±8.3) in men, and 53.3 ...
Source: The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging - April 26, 2016 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Shape-Based Approach for Coronary Calcium Lesion Volume Measurement on Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging and Its Association With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
Conclusions— Since carotid IMT is an independent prognostic factor for myocardial infarction, and calcium lesions are correlated with stroke risk, we believe that this automated system for calcium volume measurement could be useful for assessing patients’ cardiovascular risk.
Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine - February 24, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Araki, T., Ikeda, N., Dey, N., Acharjee, S., Molinari, F., Saba, L., Godia, E. C., Nicolaides, A., Suri, J. S. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Comparison of Coronary Artery Calcium Presence, Carotid Plaque Presence, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness for Cardiovascular Disease Prediction in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Epidemiology
Conclusions— In adults without CVD, CAC presence improves prediction of CVD and CHD more than carotid plaque presence or high IMT. CAC and carotid ultrasound parameters performed similarly for stroke/transient ischemic attack event prediction.
Source: Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging - January 16, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Gepner, A. D., Young, R., Delaney, J. A., Tattersall, M. C., Blaha, M. J., Post, W. S., Gottesman, R. F., Kronmal, R., Budoff, M. J., Burke, G. L., Folsom, A. R., Liu, K., Kaufman, J., Stein, J. H. Tags: Primary prevention, Risk Factors, CT and MRI, Other diagnostic testing, Epidemiology Source Type: research

“De-Risking” Risk Reduction Should Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring Be the Gatekeeper to Preventive Pharmacotherapy With the Polypill? ∗
The cardiovascular disease (CVD) epidemic remains the leading cause of death worldwide (1). Widespread adoption of the Western diet and lifestyle by populations in emergent countries with low or middle income has resulted in dramatic increases in the incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke. An overwhelming proportion of the cardiovascular risk is explained by the cumulative presence of classic and potentially modifiable risk factors, and this effect does not seem to be influenced by sex, ethnicity, or geography (2). Therefore, to effectively reduce risk and improve outcomes, prevention strategies should be conducted...
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Imaging - February 3, 2014 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Ischemic Stroke: Measurement of Intracranial Artery Calcifications Can Improve Prediction of Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease Neuroradiology
Conclusion: The IAC scores quantified by using unenhanced CT correlate significantly with coronary calcium scores and may serve as an independent predictor of asymptomatic CAD in patients with ischemic stroke. © RSNA, 2013
Source: Radiology - August 22, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Ahn, S. S., Nam, H. S., Heo, J. H., Kim, Y. D., Lee, S.-K., Han, K. H., Choi, B. W., Kim, E. Y. Tags: Neuroradiology, Vascular Imaging Source Type: research

Multidetector CT assessment of caseous mitral valve calcification with evidence of fistulous communication to the left ventricle
Idiopathic mitral annular calcification (MAC) is a common finding with increasing age, with up to 10% of patients undergoing a transthoracic echocardiogram study (TTE) found to have some degree of this phenomenon. Pathologically MAC is characterized by calcium deposition in the mitral valve annulus and subjacent myocardium. In the vast majority of cases it is considered a benign incidental finding of no clinical significance. Caseous degeneration of MAC (CDMAC) is a rare variant whereby the calcification undergoes central liquefactive softening. The pathophysiology of CDMAC is incompletely understood but it is usually a fo...
Source: Clinical Radiology - June 28, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: J.K. Teoh, E.T.D. Hoey, V. Pakala, H. Simpson, J.R. Panting Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

Stroke in Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I
We report the case of a 27‐year‐old man with a history of previously undiagnosed renal disease that presented with multiple cerebrovascular infarctions. Workup for traditional causes of cerebrovascular infarction including cardiac telemetry, multiple echocardiograms, and hypercoagulative workup was negative. However, a transcranial Doppler detected circulating microemboli at the rate of 14 per hour. A serum oxalate level greater than the supersaturation point of calcium oxalate was detected, providing a potential source of the microemboli. Furthermore, serial imaging recorded rapid mineralization of the infarcted terri...
Source: Journal of Neuroimaging - April 2, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Neal M. Rao, Anil Yallapragada, Kellen D. Winden, Jeffrey Saver, David S. Liebeskind Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

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