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Source: Neuroscience
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Total 165 results found since Jan 2013.
Dl-3-N-Butylphthalide Alleviates the Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability of Focal Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion in Mice
In conclusion, NBP exerts neuroprotective effects through attenuating cerebral infarct volume and neurological deficit score, reducing cerebral edema and BBB permeability. The neuroprotective effect of NBP is possibly related to its ability to improve blood flow in cerebral ischemic areas. NBP may turn into a novel treatment drug to prevent BBB dysfunction in ischemic stroke.
Source: Neuroscience - June 26, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
LRG1 Promotes Apoptosis and Autophagy through the TGFβ-smad1/5 Signaling Pathway to Exacerbate Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
In this study, we discussed the function and mechanism of LRG1 in acute ischemic stroke from both basic and clinical research points of view. Mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) surgery two weeks after LRG1 was overexpressed by the delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV). For wild-type mice, both the protein and the transcript of LRG1 in the brain tissue were elevated after tMCAO. Meanwhile, the serum levels of LRG1 were decreased after tMCAO. The neuronal injury was shown aggravated in the AAV-LRG1 group (AAV-LRG1 mice with tMCAO) through infarction volume, neurological score, HE, and Nissl ...
Source: Neuroscience - June 18, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Impact of the Ketogenic Diet on Glial Cells Morphology. A Quantitative Morphological Analysis
Publication date: Available online 18 June 2019Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): K. Gzielo, Z. Soltys, Z. Rajfur, Z.K. SetkowiczAbstractKetogenic diet is reported to protect against cognitive decline, drug-resistant epilepsy, Alzheimer's Disease, damaging effect of ischemic stroke and many neurological diseases. Despite mounting evidence that this dietary treatment works, the exact mechanism of its protective activity is largely unknown. Ketogenic diet acts systemically, not only changing GABA signaling in neurons, but also influencing the reliance on mitochondrial respiration, known to be disrupted in many neurological disea...
Source: Neuroscience - June 18, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Inhibition of PI3Kγ by AS605240 Protects tMCAO Mice by Attenuating pro-Inflammatory Signaling and Cytokine Release in Reactive Astrocytes
In this study, we identified the protective effect of the PI3Kγ inhibitor AS605240 against stroke-related injury in the mouse model of transient intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). The results showed that administration of AS605240 could improve the neurological function score, reduce the infarct size and decrease astrocyte activation in the tMCAO mice after injury. The inhibitory effect of AS605240 on microglia activation is relatively clear. Therefore, in this study, the effects of AS605240 on astrocytes were studied in cell cultures. IL-6 and its soluble receptor were used to construct the astrocyte ...
Source: Neuroscience - June 11, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation Differentially Affects Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons and Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons
Publication date: Available online 30 May 2019Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Nadya Povysheva, Aparna Nigam, Alyssa K. Brisbin, Jon W. Johnson, Germán BarrionuevoAbstractStroke is a devastating brain disorder. The pathophysiology of stroke is associated with an impaired excitation-inhibition balance in the area that surrounds the infarct core after the insult, the peri-infarct zone. Here we exposed slices from adult mouse prefrontal cortex to oxygen–glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD-RO) to study ischemia-induced changes in the activity of excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory parvalbumin (PV)-positive inte...
Source: Neuroscience - May 30, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Pseudoginsenoside-F11 Protects against Transient Cerebral Ischemia Injury in Rats Involving Repressing Calcium Overload
Publication date: Available online 23 May 2019Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Tianyu Zhang, Chunfu Wu, Xiaowei Yang, Yueyang Liu, Hanlin Yang, Linlin Yuan, Yinglu Liu, Shibo Sun, Jingyu YangAbstractCalcium overload has been reported to trigger neuronal death following stroke. Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11), an ocotillol-type ginsenoside with various neuroprotective activities, has displayed therapeutic efficacy against permanent ischemic stroke. The present study examined the protective potential of PF11 in rats subjected to 2-h transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and in cultured primary cortical neuron (PCN) e...
Source: Neuroscience - May 24, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Sestrin2 Overexpression Attenuates Focal Cerebral Ischemic Injury in Rat by Increasing Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway-Mediated Angiogenesis
In this study the investigators examine the effects of Sesn2 on cerebral ischemia damage by increasing angiogenesis through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Healthy adult Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to photochemical cerebral ischemia while AAV injection was used to overexpress Sesn2. At five days after photochemical embolization, the investigators observed a reduction in neurological problems, decreased infarct volume, and diminished neuronal injury in the Sesn2 overexpression samples compared to the controls. To further explore these defensive mechanisms, the investigators also silenced Nrf2. While Sesn2, Nrf2...
Source: Neuroscience - May 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Intravenous Infusion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Impaired Cognitive Function in a Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Model
Publication date: Available online 16 April 2019Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Masahito Nakazaki, Masanori Sasaki, Yuko Kataoka-Sasaki, Shinichi Oka, Junpei Suzuki, Yuichi Sasaki, Hiroshi Nagahama, Kazuo Hashi, Jeffery D. Kocsis, Osamu HonmouAbstractCerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is not only a cause of vascular dementia (VD) but also a contributing factor to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The essential pathological feature of CSVD is the disruption of blood–brain barrier (BBB). Dysfunction of BBB due to degeneration of both endothelial cells and pericytes in capillaries leads to neuronal damage and progressive brain atr...
Source: Neuroscience - April 16, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
TSP1 and TSP2 Have Unique and Overlapping Roles in Protecting against Noise-Induced Auditory Synaptopathy
Publication date: Available online 28 March 2019Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Piera Smeriglio, Felix V. Wangsawihardja, Rose Leu, Mirna MustaphaAbstractThrombospondins (TSPs) are cell adhesion molecules that play an important role in the maintenance of hearing and afferent synaptic connections. Based on their reported function in restoring synaptic connections after stroke, we tested a potential role for TSP1 and TSP2 genes in repairing cochlear synapses following noise injury. We observed a tonotopic gradient in the expression of TSP1 and TSP2 mRNA in control mouse cochleae and an upregulation of these genes following no...
Source: Neuroscience - March 28, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Profiling the Gene Expression and DNA Methylation in the Mouse Brain after Ischemic Preconditioning
In this study, we identified 636 differentially expressed genes enriched for several pathways that were partially overlapping or interconnected in terms of similar gene function. The involvement of several genes in IPC-induced neuroprotection was first reported. Genes induced by IPC, including Arid5a, Nptx2 and Stc2, demonstrated a neuroprotective effect against oxygen–glucose deprivation induced neurotoxicity in vitro. Thus, our findings provide new insights into IPC signaling pathways and offer a novel therapeutic strategy towards stroke.
Source: Neuroscience - March 20, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Functionalized Phenylbenzamides Inhibit Aquaporin-4 Reducing Cerebral Edema and Improving Outcome in Two Models of CNS Injury
Publication date: Available online 7 February 2019Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): George W. Farr, Christopher H. Hall, Susan M. Farr, Ramon Wade, Joshua M. Detzel, Amielia G. Adams, Jasen M. Buch, Derek L. Beahm, Christopher A. Flask, Kui Xu, Joseph C. LaManna, Paul R. McGuirk, Walter F. Boron, Marc F. PelletierAbstractCerebral edema in ischemic stroke can lead to increased intracranial pressure, reduced cerebral blood flow and neuronal death. Unfortunately, current therapies for cerebral edema are either ineffective or highly invasive. During the development of cytotoxic and subsequent ionic cerebral edema water enters the...
Source: Neuroscience - February 7, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Prolonged High Fat Diet Worsens the Cellular Response to a Small, Covert-like Ischemic Stroke
Publication date: Available online 4 February 2019Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Kathleen E. Fifield, Todd M. Rowe, Joanna B. Raman-Nair, Michiru Hirasawa, Jacqueline L. VanderluitAbstractObesity is associated with worse neurological outcomes following overt ischemic strokes. The majority of strokes however, are covert, small strokes that often evade detection. How obesity impacts the cellular response to covert strokes is unclear. Here, we used a diet-induced obesity model by feeding mice a high fat diet (HFD) and examining its impact on the behavioral and cellular responses to either an Endothelin-1-induced focal ischemi...
Source: Neuroscience - February 5, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Astragaloside IV Protects Primary Cerebral Cortical Neurons from Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation by Activating the PKA/CREB Pathway
Publication date: Available online 30 January 2019Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Bingjie Xue, Jisheng Huang, Bo Ma, Bin Yang, Dennis Chang, Jianxun LiuAbstractStroke is one of the major leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and post-stroke cognitive impairment is a major contributor to this disability. Astragaloside IV (AST-IV) is a primary bioactive compound of Radix Astragali, which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat stroke. AST-IV was found to possess cognition-enhancing properties against ischemic stroke; however, the mechanisms underlying this effect remain largely elusive. Mitochondri...
Source: Neuroscience - January 30, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
MiRNA-27b regulates angiogenesis by targeting AMPK in mouse ischemic stroke model
Publication date: Available online 2 December 2018Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Yimei Yuan, Zhaoguang Zhang, ZhenGang Wang, Liu JinlanAbstractStroke is a leading cause of mortality and serious disability worldwide with limited treatment options. Angiogenesis has been reported to involved in post-stroke recovery. Although the molecular mechanisms that regulate angiogenesis remain ambiguous, microRNAs have emerged as effective regulators of angiogenesis, involved in neurological function outcome. The present study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of miRNA-27b on post-stroke angiogenesis. In primary cultured brain ...
Source: Neuroscience - December 2, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Stroke longitudinal volumetric measures correlate with the behavioral score in non-human primates
Publication date: Available online 24 November 2018Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Gabriel Ramirez-Garcia, Kathleen A. Harrison, Juan Fernandez-Ruiz, Joseph Y. Nashed, Douglas J. CookAbstractStroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Brain imaging data from experimental rodent stroke models suggest that size and location of the ischemic lesion relate to behavioral outcome. However, such a relationship between these two variables has not been established in Non-Human Primate (NHP) models. Thus, we aimed to evaluate whether size, location, and severity of stroke following controlled Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusio...
Source: Neuroscience - November 25, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
