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Source: Neuroscience
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Total 165 results found since Jan 2013.
Acetyl-l-carnitine restores synaptic transmission and enhances the inducibility of stable LTP after oxygen –glucose deprivation
Publication date: 22 September 2016 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 332 Author(s): Kitti Kocsis, Rita Frank, József Szabó, Levente Knapp, Zsolt Kis, Tamás Farkas, László Vécsei, József Toldi Hypoxic circumstances result in functional and structural impairments of the brain. Oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) on hippocampal slices is a technique widely used to investigate the consequences of ischemic stroke and the potential neuroprotective effects of different drugs. Acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) is a naturally occurring substance in the body, and it can therefore be administered safely even in relatively high dose...
Source: Neuroscience - July 21, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Decline of microtubule-associated protein tau after experimental stroke in differently aged wild-type and 3xTg mice with Alzheimer-like alterations
In conclusion, microtubule-associated protein tau was robustly identified as a highly sensitive cytoskeletal constitute under ischemic conditions, suggesting a pivotal role during the transition process toward long-lasting tissue damage. Consequently, cytoskeletal elements appear as promising targets for novel therapeutic approaches with the objective to impede ischemia-induced irreversible cellular degradation.
Source: Neuroscience - June 3, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Inhibition of cerebral vascular inflammation by brain endothelium-targeted oligodeoxynucleotide complex
In conclusion, our approach using DNA nanotechnology for DNA decoy delivery could potentially be utilized for inhibition of inflammation in ischemic stroke and other neuro-inflammatory diseases affecting cerebral vasculature.
Source: Neuroscience - May 18, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The role of connexin43 in hemorrhagic transformation after thrombolysis in vivo and in vitro
We examined whether the effects were Cx43 dependent using multiple Cx43 inhibitors. Phosphorylated Cx43 (p-Cx43) but not total Cx43 protein expression was increased after rtPA treatment. Delayed rtPA administration induced significant HT and BBB disruption. These effects were attenuated by inhibitors that blocked GJIC and Cx43 phosphorylation and expression but not Cx43 redistribution. Additionally, rtPA administration upregulated p-Cx43 expression in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-exposed brain endothelial cells. These effects were suppressed by the phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 and the extracell...
Source: Neuroscience - May 18, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
GPER1 mediates estrogen-induced neuroprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation in the primary hippocampal neurons
Publication date: 22 July 2016 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 328 Author(s): Tian-Zhi Zhao, Fei Shi, Jun Hu, Shi-Ming He, Qian Ding, Lian-Ting Ma It is well-known that the neuroprotective effects of estrogen have potential in the prevention and amelioration of ischemic and degenerative neurological disorders, while the underlying mechanisms for estrogen actions are undefined. As an important mediator for the non-genomic functions of estrogen, GPER1 (G Protein-coupled Estrogen Receptor 1) has been suggested to involve in the beneficial roles of estrogen in neural cells. Here our studies on primary hippocampal neurons h...
Source: Neuroscience - May 12, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Therapeutic benefits of combined treatment with tissue plasminogen activator and 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-pyranoside in an animal model of ischemic stroke
In this study, a rat model of embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used to mimic ischemic stroke. The embolic MCAO rats were intravenously (iv) injected with tPA alone, SalA-4g alone, or a combination of tPA and SalA-4g. Compared to treatment with tPA alone at 4h post MCAO, combined treatment with tPA at 4h post MCAO and SalA-4g starting at 4h post MCAO and continuing for 3days at an interval of 24h significantly reduced neurological deficits and infarct volume, and significantly inhibited the intracerebral bleeding, edema formation, neuronal loss, and cellular apoptosis in the ischemic brain. Our results su...
Source: Neuroscience - April 25, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Peri-infarct depolarizations during focal ischemia in the awake Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. Minimizing anesthesia confounds in experimental stroke
Publication date: 14 June 2016 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 325 Author(s): K. Kudo, L. Zhao, T.S. Nowak Anesthesia profoundly impacts peri-infarct depolarizations (PIDs), but only one prior report has described their monitoring during experimental stroke in awake animals. Since temporal patterns of PID occurrence are model specific, the current study examined PID incidence during focal ischemia in the awake Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR), and documented the impact of both prior and concurrent isoflurane anesthesia. For awake recordings, electrodes were implanted under isoflurane anesthesia 1day to 5weeks prior to...
Source: Neuroscience - April 10, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Bone marrow stromal cells inhibits HMGB1-mediated inflammation after stroke in type 2 diabetic rats
Publication date: 2 June 2016 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 324 Author(s): J. Hu, B. Liu, Q. Zhao, P. Jin, F. Hua, Z. Zhang, Y. Liu, K. Zan, G. Cui, X. Ye High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a ligand of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), functions as a proinflammatory factor. It is mainly involved in inflammatory activation and contributes to the initiation and progression of stroke. By using a model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in type 2 diabetic rats, we investigated the changes of pro-inflammation mediators, blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage and functional outcome afte...
Source: Neuroscience - March 13, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Effects of unilateral stroke on multi-finger synergies and their feed-forward adjustments
Publication date: 5 April 2016 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 319 Author(s): H.J. Jo, C. Maenza, D.C. Good, X. Huang, J. Park, R.L. Sainburg, M.L. Latash We explored the changes in multi-finger synergies in patients after a single cortical stroke with mild motor impairments. We hypothesized that both synergy indices and anticipatory synergy adjustments prior to the initiation of a self-paced quick action would be diminished in the patients compared to age-matched controls. The patients with history of cortical stroke, and age-matched controls (n =12 in each group) performed one-finger and multi-finger accurate force ...
Source: Neuroscience - February 10, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The role of TWEAK/Fn14 signaling in the MPTP-model of Parkinson’s disease
Publication date: 5 April 2016 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 319 Author(s): S. Mustafa, H.L. Martin, L. Burkly, A. Costa, M.L. Martins, M. Schwaninger, P. Teismann The tumor necrosis factor like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor, fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), mediate inflammation and neuronal apoptosis in cerebral edema, ischemic stroke and multiple sclerosis. The downstream effectors and pathways linked to TWEAK–Fn14 signaling are strongly implicated in the pathology of Parkinson’s disease (PD), thus indicating a putative role for TWEAK/Fn14 signaling in PD neurodegeneration. Us...
Source: Neuroscience - February 9, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Adjuvant therapies using normobaric oxygen with hypothermia or ethanol for reducing hyperglycolysis in thromboembolic cerebral ischemia
Conclusions: In a rat thromboembolic stroke model, both EtOH and TH used individually offer neuroprotection after the administration of rt-PA. While NBO monotherapy does not appear to be effective, it significantly potentiates the efficacy of EtOH and TH. The similar neuroprotection and underlying mechanisms pertaining to the attenuation of hyperglycolysis provided by EtOH or TH in combination with NBO suggest a possibility of substituting EtOH for TH. Thus a combination of NBO and EtOH, which are widely available and easily used, could become a novel and effective neuroprotective strategy in the clinical setting.
Source: Neuroscience - January 24, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
2-(3′,5′-Dimethoxybenzylidene) cyclopentanone, a novel synthetic small-molecule compound, provides neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke
Publication date: 1 March 2016 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 316 Author(s): W.W. Gu, S.Q. Lu, Y. Ni, Z.H. Liu, X.Y. Zhou, Y.M. Zhu, Y. Luo, X. Li, L.S. Li, W.Z. Sun, H.L. Zhang, G.Z. Ao 2-(3′,5′-Dimethoxybenzylidene) cyclopentanone (DMBC) is a novel small-molecule compound synthesized by our group. Here, we found that in rat models of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO), intraperitoneal injection (ip) of DMBC at 1h after ischemia reduced infarct volume, improved neurological deficits and increased the protein levels of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP 2) and glial fibrillary acid protein...
Source: Neuroscience - January 13, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Impaired implicit learning and feedback processing after stroke
Publication date: 9 February 2016 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 314 Author(s): J.M. Lam, C. Globas, J.A. Hosp, H.-O. Karnath, T. Wächter, A.R. Luft The ability to learn is assumed to support successful recovery and rehabilitation therapy after stroke. Hence, learning impairments may reduce the recovery potential. Here, the hypothesis is tested that stroke survivors have deficits in feedback-driven implicit learning. Stroke survivors (n =30) and healthy age-matched control subjects (n =21) learned a probabilistic classification task with brain activation measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging in a subse...
Source: Neuroscience - December 18, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Evaluation of liposomal nanocarriers loaded with ETB receptor agonist, IRL-1620, using cell-based assays
In this study, we have encapsulated IRL-1620 in PEGylated liposomes in order to enhance its efficacy. Each batch of liposomes encapsulating IRL-1620 was evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index, and charge (zeta potential) over a period of time to determine their stability. A dose–response bar graph was plotted based on the effect of neuroprotection by free IRL-1620 on differentiated neuronal PC-12 cells. The 1nM concentration was found to have the highest cell viability. The liposomes loaded with IRL-1620 were tested on differentiated neuronal PC-12 cells for their neuroprotective ability against apoptosis caus...
Source: Neuroscience - November 30, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Rehabilitation and plasticity following stroke: Insights from rodent models
Publication date: 17 December 2015 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 311 Author(s): M. Caleo Ischemic injuries within the motor cortex result in functional deficits that may profoundly impact activities of daily living in patients. Current rehabilitation protocols achieve only limited recovery of motor abilities. The brain reorganizes spontaneously after injury, and it is believed that appropriately boosting these neuroplastic processes may restore function via recruitment of spared areas and pathways. Here I review studies on circuit reorganization, neuronal and glial plasticity and axonal sprouting following ischemic damage...
Source: Neuroscience - November 12, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
