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Source: Neuroscience
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Total 165 results found since Jan 2013.
TFP5 is comparable to mild hypothermia in improving neurological outcomes in early-stage ischemic stroke of adult rats
Conclusions: TFP5 is comparable to MH in improving neurological outcomes in early-stage adult ischemic stroke. When TFP5 is given along with MH, less neurological deficit tends to be achieved.
Source: Neuroscience - January 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Increased functional connectivity one week after motor learning and tDCS in stroke patients
Publication date: 6 January 2017 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 340 Author(s): Stéphanie Lefebvre, Laurence Dricot, Patrice Laloux, Philippe Desfontaines, Frédéric Evrard, André Peeters, Jacques Jamart, Yves Vandermeeren Recent studies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) demonstrated that changes in functional connectivity (FC) after stroke correlate with recovery. The aim of this study was to explore whether combining motor learning to dual transcranial direct current stimulation (dual-tDCS, applied over both primary motor cortices (M1)) modulated FC in stroke patients. Twenty-two chronic...
Source: Neuroscience - November 25, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Creatine salts provide neuroprotection even after partial impairment of the creatine transporter
Publication date: 6 January 2017 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 340 Author(s): E. Adriano, P. Garbati, A. Salis, G. Damonte, E. Millo, M. Balestrino Creatine, a compound that is critical for energy metabolism of nervous cells, crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the neuronal plasma membrane with difficulty, and only using its specific transporter. In the hereditary condition where the creatine transporter is defective (creatine transporter deficiency) there is no creatine in the brain, and administration of creatine is useless lacking the transporter. The disease is severe and incurable. Creatine-derived molecules that...
Source: Neuroscience - November 20, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Acute and chronic triptan exposure neither alters rodent cerebral blood flow nor worsens ischemic brain injury
We report that acute treatment of rats or mice with eletriptan did not reduce basal CBF, which promptly dropped upon treatment with prazosin or dihydroergotamine. Acute of chronic (1month) eletriptan also did not affect CBF changes and infarct volumes in mice undergoing brain ischemia/reperfusion. Finally, chronic eletriptan reduced brain mRNAs for PACAP and VIP, leaving unaffected those for 5HT1B/DR and CGRP. No significant transcript changes were found in dura mater. Data suggest that the impact of triptans on cerebral hemodynamic should be re-evaluated, as well as their propensity to increase stroke risk in migraineurs.
Source: Neuroscience - November 8, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neural control of arm movements reveals a tendency to use gravity to simplify joint coordination rather than to decrease muscle effort
Publication date: 17 December 2016 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 339 Author(s): Wanyue Wang, Natalia Dounskaia How gravity influences neural control of arm movements remains under debate. We tested three alternative interpretations suggested by previous research: (1) that muscular control includes two components, tonic which compensates for gravity and phasic which produces the movement; (2) that there is a tendency to exploit gravity to reduce muscle effort; and (3) that there is a tendency to use a trailing pattern of joint control during which either the shoulder or elbow is rotated actively and the other joint rotates p...
Source: Neuroscience - October 28, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Na+/HCO3 − co-transporter is protective during ischemia in astrocytes
Publication date: 17 December 2016 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 339 Author(s): Hang Yao, Priti Azad, Huiwen W. Zhao, Juan Wang, Orit Poulsen, Beatriz C. Freitas, Alysson R. Muotri, Gabriel G. Haddad The sodium bicarbonate co-transporter (NBC) is the major bicarbonate-dependent acid–base transporter in mammalian astrocytes and has been implicated in ischemic brain injury. A malfunction of astrocytes could have great impact on the outcome of stroke due to their participation in the formation of blood-brain barrier, synaptic transmission, and electrolyte balance in the human brain. Nevertheless, the role of NBC in the ische...
Source: Neuroscience - October 27, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neural network remodeling underlying motor map reorganization induced by rehabilitative training after ischemic stroke
Publication date: 17 December 2016 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 339 Author(s): Naohiko Okabe, Takashi Shiromoto, Naoyuki Himi, Feng Lu, Emi Maruyama-Nakamura, Kazuhiko Narita, Nobuhisa Iwachidou, Yoshiki Yagita, Osamu Miyamoto Motor map reorganization is believed to be one mechanism underlying rehabilitation-induced functional recovery. Although the ipsilesional secondary motor area has been known to reorganize motor maps and contribute to rehabilitation-induced functional recovery, it is unknown how the secondary motor area is reorganized by rehabilitative training. In the present study, using skilled forelimb reaching ta...
Source: Neuroscience - October 27, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Serine racemase inhibition induces nitric oxide-mediated neurovascular protection during cerebral ischemia
Publication date: 17 December 2016 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 339 Author(s): Akihiro Watanabe, Tsutomu Sasaki, Toshiro Yukami, Hideaki Kanki, Manabu Sakaguchi, Takemori Hiroshi, Kazuo Kitagawa, Hideki Mochizuki There are no effective neuroprotectant drugs for acute cerebral ischemia. Serine racemase (SR) synthesizes d-serine, which is involved in N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-induced neurotoxicity. Recently, SR deletion was reported to protect against focal cerebral ischemia. However, regulatory mechanisms controlling SR-activity in the neurovascular unit (NVU) during cerebral ischemia remain to be clarified. We i...
Source: Neuroscience - October 24, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Sex differences in astrocyte and microglia responses immediately following middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult mice
In this study we assessed astrocyte Ca2+ dynamics, aquaporin 4 (AQP4) polarity, S100β expression pattern, as well as, microglia morphology and phagocytic marker CD11b in male and female mice following 60min of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. We reveal sex differences in the frequency of intracellular astrocyte Ca2+ elevations (F (1,86) =8.19, P =0.005) and microglia volume (F (1,40) =12.47, P =0.009) immediately following MCA occlusion in acute brain slices. Measured in fixed tissue, AQP4 polarity was disrupted (F (5,86) =3.30, P =0.009) and the area of non-S100β immunoreactivity increased in ipsilateral brain re...
Source: Neuroscience - October 15, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Long noncoding RNA MEG3 activation of p53 mediates ischemic neuronal death in stroke
Publication date: 19 November 2016 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 337 Author(s): Honglin Yan, Jingping Yuan, Likun Gao, Jie Rao, Jichang Hu Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is suggested to function as a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and to play roles in various human cancers. However, the functional properties of MEG3 in ischemic stroke remain unknown. Here, we report that expression of MEG3 is upregulated following ischemia in adult mice. Moreover, cerebral ischemia recruits p53 into the MEG3 complex in ischemic tissues. MEG3 directly binds with the p53 DNA binding domain (DBD) consisting of amino acids 271–282 (p53-DBD2...
Source: Neuroscience - October 1, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Abolished perineuronal nets and altered parvalbumin-immunoreactivity in the nucleus reticularis thalami of wildtype and 3xTg mice after experimental stroke
In conclusion, these data confirm PNs as highly sensitive constituents of the ECM along with impaired neuronal integrity of GABAergic neurons. Therefore, specific targeting of ECM components might appear as a promising strategy for future treatment strategies in stroke.
Source: Neuroscience - September 23, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Methylene Blue promotes cortical neurogenesis and ameliorates behavioral deficit after photothrombotic stroke in rats
We report that MB significantly enhanced cell proliferation and neurogenesis, as evidenced by the increased co-localizations of BrdU/NeuN, BrdU/DCX, BrdU/MAP2 and BrdU/Ki67 in the peri-infarct zone compared with vehicle controls. MB thus effectively limited infarct volume and improved neurological deficits compared to PT control animals. The effects of MB were accompanied with an attenuated level of reactive gliosis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as elevated levels of cytochrome c oxidase activity and ATP production in peri-infarct regions. Our study provides important information that MB has the abilit...
Source: Neuroscience - September 11, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Omega-3 fatty acid supplement prevents development of intracranial atherosclerosis
Conclusions: Long-term O3FA dietary supplementation prevents the development of intracranial atherosclerosis. This O3FA effect appears to be mediated by its prevention of macrophage infiltration into the vessel wall, therefore reducing inflammation and intimal thickening. While similar effects in humans need to be determined, O3FA dietary supplement shows promising results in the prevention of ICAS.
Source: Neuroscience - August 23, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Does aging with a cortical lesion increase fall-risk: Examining effect of age versus stroke on intensity modulation of reactive balance responses from slip-like perturbations
We examined whether aging with and without a cerebral lesion such as stroke affects modulation of reactive balance response for recovery from increasing intensity of sudden slip-like stance perturbations. Ten young adults, older age-match adults and older chronic stroke survivors were exposed to three different levels of slip-like perturbations, level 1 (7.75m/s2), Level II (12.00m/s2) and level III (16.75m/s2) in stance. The center of mass (COM) state stability was computed as the shortest distance of the instantaneous COM position and velocity relative to base of support (BOS) from a theoretical threshold for backward lo...
Source: Neuroscience - August 3, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A novel nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator RS9 attenuates brain injury after ischemia reperfusion in mice
In this study, we investigated the effects of RS9 on IRI. Mice were intraperitoneally treated immediately after 2h of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with a vehicle solution or 0.2mg/kg of RS9. Post-onset treatment of RS9 attenuated the infarct volume and improved neurological deficits 22h after reperfusion. RS9 activated Nrf2 2 and 6h after reperfusion and activated heme oxygenase-1 at 6 and 22h after reperfusion. RS9 also attenuated the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 2 and 6h after reperfusion. Finally, RS9 improved the survival rate and neurological deficits 7days after MCAO. Our results suggest that th...
Source: Neuroscience - August 3, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
