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Specialty: Neuroscience
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology

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Total 347 results found since Jan 2013.

Timing of motor cortical stimulation during planar robotic training differentially impacts neuroplasticity in older adults
Neurorehabilitation efforts have focused on intense structured interventions to promote neuroplasticity because stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability world-wide. Robotic rehabilitation devices assist massed practice of upper extremity movement at high repetition rates (Lo et al., 2010; Conroy et al., 2011). They can also be used to change the learning environment, e.g., provide assistance or resistance to the motor task or train new mappings for movement to environmental effect (Krebs et al., 1998; Stein et al., 2004; MacClellan et al., 2005).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 15, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Crystal L. Massie, Shailesh S. Kantak, Priya Narayanan, George F. Wittenberg Source Type: research

Activity-dependent brain stimulation and robot-assisted movements for use-dependent plasticity
Functional restoration after stroke is an ongoing challenge even with intensive rehabilitation programs. In addition to traditional rehabilitation training, brain stimulation techniques have been explored to increase the excitability of the stimulated motor cortex and to augment the response to afferent input during motor exercises (Edwardson et al., 2013). Recent approaches examined single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied concurrently with voluntary movements for more specific and efficacious plasticity induction (Bütefisch et al., 2004, 2011; Thabit et al., 2010).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 14, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Alireza Gharabaghi Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Perception of lower extremity loads in stroke survivors
The loss of load perception in the impaired leg likely impacts control of walking in stroke survivors (Bohannon, 2003). While the gait impairments experienced by stroke survivors could result directly from damage to motor areas of the brain (Collen et al., 1990; Enzinger et al., 2008), the lack of proper inputs from the environment (sensory information) clearly has an impact on the body’s ability to control movement. In order to walk without losing balance, the motor control system needs to receive accurate sensory information from the limbs.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 11, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Virginia W. Chu, T. George Hornby, Brian D. Schmit Source Type: research

Stroke gait rehabilitation: Is load perception a first step towards load control?
Stroke is often considered to be primarily a motor deficiency, yet sensory deficits play a major role in motor behavior and therefore should not be overlooked. This is particularly true for locomotion. Basically one major aim of gait is to support the body against gravity. Hence, not surprisingly, it has been found that load receptors play a very important role in the regulation of gait in a wide variety of animals (Duysens et al., 2000). Load receptors are present in extensor muscles (Golgi tendon organs) and in the foot sole (cutaneous receptors).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 9, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jacques Duysens, Firas Massaad Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Stroke gait rehabilitation: is load perception a first step towards load control?
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 9, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jacques Duysens, Firas Massaad Source Type: research

Startling acoustic stimuli can evoke fast hand extension movements in stroke survivors
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - June 18, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Claire Fletcher Honeycutt, Ursina Andrea Tresch, Eric Jon Perreault Source Type: research

A brain–computer interface for single-trial detection of gait initiation from movement related cortical potentials
Neurological conditions, such as stroke, spinal cord injury or Parkinson’s disease, often result in impaired motor control and consequent difficulty of the patient to perform activities of daily living. One of the goals of rehabilitation is to promote the patient’s independency with the aim of restoring the loss of movement ability.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - May 19, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ning Jiang, Leonardo Gizzi, Natalie Mrachacz-Kersting, Kim Dremstrup, Dario Farina Source Type: research

An automated and fast approach to detect single-trial visual evoked potentials with application to brain–computer interface
Brain–computer interface (BCI) is an emerging technology which can establish a pathway between the human brain and computers through recording and decoding brain activity (Wolpaw et al., 2002). Since the control of BCI system is directly based on the recorded brain activity without the involvement of neuromuscular system, it allows people who suffer from motor dysfunction or impairment (e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, brainstem stroke, and spinal cord injury) to communicate with the external world or control prosthesis (Vaughan et al., 2003).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - April 14, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yiheng Tu, Yeung Sam Hung, Li Hu, Gan Huang, Yong Hu, Zhiguo Zhang Source Type: research

34. Modulation of cortical activity by botulinum toxin type a in patients with post-stroke arm spasticity
Conclusion: Study of 2 age-matched groups with mild and severe weakness demonstrated different effect of BoNT-lowered spasticity on motor system engagement. Group A during movement imagery at maximum BoNT effect manifested deactivation of visual and default mode system, perhaps a change from visual to kinesthetic imagery, with cerebellum participating. Group B during movement also manifested motor pattern normalization, especially reduced activation extent.Supported by IGA MZ CR NT13575.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - April 7, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: P. Hluštík, T. Veverka, P. Hok, Z. Tüdös, P. Otruba, A. Krobot, P. Kaňovský Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research