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Specialty: Neuroscience
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology

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Total 347 results found since Jan 2013.

IS 22. Coupling of motor imagination and nervous system stimulation to induce cortical plasticity
We recently developed a novel technique for inducing plasticity in the human motor cortex by combining the physiologically generated signal when a person imagines a simple dorsiflexion task with the peripheral stimulation of the nerve that innervates the muscle involved in the task (). The subject activates the relevant brain areas via imagination and is provided with the expected afferent feedback via the single peripheral electrical stimulation to the target nerve. This protocol induced significant plasticity only when the afferent volley was timed to arrive during the peak negativity (PN) of the movement-related cortica...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: N. Mrachacz-Kersting, N. Jiang, K. Dremstrup, D. Farina Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 23. Testing cortical connectivity with multifocal TMS
Multifocal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been recently investigated as a powerful method able to detect, within a millisecond time scale, direct information on the causal connectivity between distant cortical areas. A conditioning stimulus (CS) is first used to activate putative pathways to the motor cortex from, for example, the posterior parietal cortex or the premotor cortex, while a second, test stimulus (TS), delivered over the M1 a few milliseconds later probes any changes in excitability that are produced by the CS. When tested at rest, the activation of these cortico-cortical projections may induce ei...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: G. Koch Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 27. Brain stimulation in stroke therapy
Non-invasive brain stimulation has shown its potential to modulate brain plasticity and enhance the effects of training in humans (Zimerman et al., Ann Neurol; 2012). Endeavour has been made to utilize brain stimulation in neurological diseases to enhance adaptive processes and prevent potential maladaptive ones. First studies presented evidence that non-invasive brain stimulation might not only transiently improve functions of the paretic hand, but can also modulate processes of learning (Zimerman et al., Stroke; 2012), a basis to achieve longer lasting effects. Based on this enhancement of functional recovery of both, se...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: F.C. Hummel Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 30. Predicting recovery of motor function after stroke-an essential role for TMS
Conclusions: TMS is a useful tool for predicting recovery of upper limb function after stroke, particularly in combination with clinical and imaging measures, as part of the PREP algorithm. The clinical benefits of tailoring rehabilitation based on the individual’s capacity for motor recovery will be discussed.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: C. Stinear, S.J. Ackerley, M.A. Petoe, P.A. Barber, W.D. Byblow Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 12. Plasticity in stroke patients: Why brain stimulation may (not) work
Advances in brain imaging techniques allow us to study not just what the brain looks like but how it works. When applied to people who have suffered a stroke this technology has demonstrated reorganization of the way surviving brain regions function. These findings give hope to the idea that new treatments can be designed and more effectively targeted towards individual patients.So how can we measure these changes in organization in the human brain? Brain imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have developed to the point where a detailed appreciation of the damage to brain structures and th...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: N. Ward Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 15. Flashes of insight: Non-conventional NIBS reveals novel ways to stimulate the brain
Conclusion: These non-conventional NIBS techniques may thus be opening new research domains for influencing brain activity and to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders in a non-invasive way.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Antal, L. Chaieb, G.G. Ambrus, W. Paulus Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 229. Transcranial Laser Stimulation-A New Method for Non-Invasive Modulation of Cortical Excitability
Conclusions: The M1 excitability was found to be reduced after TLS in dose dependent manner. These findings may give insight into the mechanisms of nirLLL effects in the human cerebral cortex, also suggesting more suitable applications of TLS in clinical settings.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: S. Filipovic, M. Jelic, A. Jeremic, V. Stevanovic, S. Milanovic, L. Konstantinovic Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 240. Improvement of language functions in a chronic non-fluent post-stroke aphasic patient following sequential bilateral non-invasive neuromodulation by theta burst magnetic stimulation
Conclusions: Described sequential bilateral physiologically balanced TMS modulation of activation of the language related areas of both hemispheres may result in considerable and rather fast language benefits in chronic nfA patients. Whether this approach is better than usual unilateral stimulation requires further studies.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: S. Filipovic, V. Stevanovic, I. Avramovic, M. Jelic, I. Avramovic, A. Jeremic, K. Kacar, S. Milanovic, L. Konstantinovic, J. Vuksanovic Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 217. Analysis of cortical reorganization after stroke
Conclusion: MEP and rMT are informative criteria for defining the functional state of the motor cortex and features of cortical reorganization after stroke. The graduation of reducing excitability of the motor cortex of AH is proposed for use in clinical practice and could be considered in evaluation the prognosis after stroke.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: S. Kuznetsova, N. Skachkova Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 219. Navigated repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation in stroke rehabilitation (randomized blind sham-controlled study), Preliminary results: safety and tolerability
Conclusion: Repeated nTMS is safe and effective add-method in motor post-stroke rehabilitation, but continuous study and forming protocols are necessary to validate this method.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01652677.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M. Piradov, L. Chernikova, M. Tanashyan, A. Kadykov, A. Chervyakov, M. Nazarova, V. Gnezditsky, R. Konovalov, N. Savitskaya, P. Fedin, A. Suslin, M. Glebov, L. Dobrynina Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 181. Impact of offline transcranial direct current stimulation on consolidation of motor sequence learning in healthy elderly subjects
Conclusions: Offline application of anodal tDCS over M1 post training improves consolidation of motor sequence learning in elderly subjects until at least 22h post training. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential benefit of offline-tDCS in motor learning in healthy elderly and stroke patients.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M. Wegscheider, J.-J. Rumpf, C. Fricke, D. Weise, J. Classen Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 194. The EEG correlates of the TMS induced EMG silent period in humans
Application of magnetic or electrical stimulation to the motor cortex can result in a period of electromyography (EMG) silence in a tonically active peripheral muscle. This period of EMG silence is referred to as the silent period (SP). The duration of SP shows intersubject variability and reflects the integrity of the cortical and corticospinal pathways. A non-invasive technique for assessing the duration of SP is the combination of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) with EMG. Utilizing TMS-EMG, several studies have reported on the shortening or lengthening of SP in neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, b...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: F. Farzan, M.S. Barr, S. Hoppenbrouwers, P.B. Fitzgerald, R. Chen, A. Pascual-Leone, Z.J. Daskalakis Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 207. Reliability of an automated protocol versus manual interpreters in analysing cortical silent period
Introduction: Cortical silent period (cSP) is measured after shortly interrupting active muscle contraction with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (Fuhr, 1991). The cSP is a measure of cortical inhibition and representing interneuron inhibitory effect at excited motor cortical areas. Several pathological conditions and pharmacological manipulations induce changes to cSP duration. In addition, cSP has exhibited prognostic value e.g., during stroke recovery (Curra, 2002). It has been suggested that input–output characteristics of cSP be determined for thorough assessment of inhibitory interneurons (Werhahn, 2007; Kim...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: P. Julkunen, E. Kallioniemi, L. Säisänen, M. Könönen Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 155. Serial anodal tDCS over V1 induces long-term effects on colour discrimination in V4 measured in the unimpaired hemifield of patients with occipital stroke
Conclusion: Long-term modulation in colour perception following serial anodal tDCS may represent evidence of inducible long-term plasticity in distantly connected components of the visual system (V1 and V4) in patients with occipital stroke measured in the unimpaired hemifield. This builds on studies describing the immediate effects of tDCS in the visual system in healthy volunteers. The temporal dynamics of serial anodal tDCS seem to interact with learning processes, and may yield potential support for neuroplastic adaptation processes following cerebral lesions. Future studies should examine the long-term outcomes and dy...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: R. Dargie, M. Olma, J. Behrens, A. Kraft, K. Irlbacher, M. Fahle, S. Brandt Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 162. The effects of direct current stimulation on motor cortex excitability in children and adolescents
Conclusion: Our study will provide new insight into the principles of tDCS stimulation and its therapeutic value in treatment of childhood neurological and psychiatric disorders. This may further refine the effective use of tDCS in pediatric population.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: V. Moliadze, T. Schmanke, S. Bassüner, C. Freitag, M. Siniatchkin Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research