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Drug: Nicotine

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Total 216 results found since Jan 2013.

Nicotine Inhibits Microglial Proliferation and Is Neuroprotective in Global Ischemia Rats
Abstract Ischemic injury in rodent models reliably leads to the activation of microglia, which might play a detrimental role in neuronal survival. Our preliminary studies suggest that nicotine plays a potential role in decreasing the numbers of cultured microglia in vitro. In the present study, we found treatment with nicotine 2, 6, and 12 h after ischemia for 7 days significantly increased the survival of CA1 pyramidal neurons in ischemia/reperfusion rats. This effect was accompanied by a significant reduction in the increase of microglia rather than astrocytes, as well as a significant reduction of enhanced e...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - May 15, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A pilot randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of a ‘lung age’ intervention on smoking cessation: study protocol
This study offers an additional intervention to improve smoking cessation rates in Singapore. It aims to reduce or delay the onset of smoking‐related chronic diseases such as coronary heart diseases and cancer, which would eventually reduce the healthcare burden in an increasingly ageing society.Trial registration number: ISRCTN15839687.
Source: Journal of Advanced Nursing - May 21, 2015 Category: Nursing Authors: Imran Muhammad, Wenqi Mok, Hai Moy Toh, Daniel Sii, Wenru Wang Tags: Protocol Source Type: research

Smoking Rates Are Down, But A Different Type Of Tobacco Use Is On The Rise
First, the good news: Smoking rates are down significantly in 26 states. The bad news? The use of smokeless tobacco (also known as dip, snuff or chew) is up in four states, while using both cigarettes and smokeless tobacco is up significantly in five states. “Although overall cigarette smoking prevalence has declined significantly in recent years in many states, the overall use of smokeless tobacco and concurrent cigarette and smokeless tobacco has remained unchanged in most states and increased in some states,” summed up researchers for the Centers for Disease Control, which published the data in their weekly Morbid...
Source: Science - The Huffington Post - May 22, 2015 Category: Science Source Type: news

Effect of full flavor and denicotinized cigarettes exposure on the brain microvascular endothelium: a microarray-based gene expression study using a human immortalized BBB endothelial cell line
Conclusions: This study provides a detailed analysis of Nrf2-related cytoprotective mechanisms activated in response to 3R4F and ULN-derived TS exposure correlating the results with their oxidative and inflammatory potential. Toxicants present in soluble cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) and not nicotine seem to be the primary determinant of vascular toxicity. In this respect our results from this and previous studies suggest that chronic TS exposure can overcome Nrf2 and NFκB-p65 dependent cytoprotective mechanisms of the brain microvascular endothelium possibly leading to BBB impairment and loss of BBB integrity.
Source: BMC Neuroscience - June 23, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Pooja NaikRavi SajjaShikha PrasadLuca Cucullo Source Type: research

E-cigarettes '95% less harmful than smoking' says report
"E-cigarettes are 95% less harmful than tobacco and could be prescribed on the NHS in future to help smokers quit," BBC News reports. This is the main finding of an evidence review (PDF, 485kb) carried out by Public Health England, a government agency that aims to protect and improve the nation's health and wellbeing, and reduce health inequalities. What are e-cigarettes?Most e-cigarettes contain a battery, an atomiser and a replaceable cartridge. The cartridge contains nicotine in a solution of either propylene glycol or glycerine and water, and sometimes flavourings. When you suck on the device, a sensor d...
Source: NHS News Feed - August 19, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Heart/lungs Lifestyle/exercise QA articles Source Type: news

Reminder: Smoking Hookah For An Hour Is Like Smoking 100 Cigarettes
You hopefully wouldn't smoke 100 cigarettes in 60 minutes -- that's five entire packs of so-called cancer sticks.  If you casually dabble with hookah, however, you might not bat an eye at an hour-long smoking session. New research shows lots of young people don't know that 100 cigarettes and an hour of hookah are about equal in terms of the amount of smoke inhaled -- and therefore in the damage they can cause to a person's health, including increased risk for heart disease, cancers, stroke, blood clots and death, to name a few. A 2005 report by the World Health Organization found that hookah smokers typ...
Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - August 25, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Thyroid Hormone Signaling: Contribution to Neural Function, Cognition, and Relationship to Nicotine
Publication date: Available online 5 September 2015 Source:Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews Author(s): Prescott T. Leach, Thomas J. Gould Cigarette smoking is common despite its adverse effects on health, such as cardiovascular disease and stroke. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to the addictive properties of nicotine makes it possible to target them to prevent the initiation of smoking behavior and/or increase the chance of successful quit attempts. While highly addictive, nicotine is not generally considered to be as reinforcing as other drugs of abuse. There are likely other mechanisms at wo...
Source: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews - September 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Smoking behaviour and knowledge of the health effects of smoking in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
ConclusionAlthough patients with Crohn's disease were better informed on the detrimental effects of smoking, the awareness rate was still low.
Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - October 5, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: C. De Bie, V. Ballet, N. Hendriks, S. Coenen, E. Weyts, G. Van Assche, S. Vermeire, M. Ferrante Tags: Original Scientific Paper Source Type: research

Novel Approaches in Astrocyte Protection: from Experimental Methods to Computational Approaches
Abstract Astrocytes are important for normal brain functioning. Astrocytes are metabolic regulators of the brain that exert many functions such as the preservation of blood–brain barrier (BBB) function, clearance of toxic substances, and generation of antioxidant molecules and growth factors. These functions are fundamental to sustain the function and survival of neurons and other brain cells. For these reasons, the protection of astrocytes has become relevant for the prevention of neuronal death during brain pathologies such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, and other neurodegenerative co...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - January 23, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Study: Nicotine Patch Works as Well as Chantix to Help Quit Smoking
This study confirms that FDA-approved medications are effective in helping smokers quit,” said Lee Westmaas, PhD, American Cancer Society director of tobacco control research. “Smokers should seriously consider using medications if they are finding it difficult to quit without any help. The most effective approach to quitting is using medications in combination with counseling such as from a quit-line.”RESOURCES: How to Quit Smoking Quit-smoking medicationsResearch shows that using a medication to help you quit smoking can double your chances of being successful.The US Food and Drug Administration (...
Source: American Cancer Society :: News and Features - February 2, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Smoking/Tobacco Source Type: news

Chronic nicotine exposure exacerbates transient focal cerebral ischemia-induced brain injury
Tobacco smoking is a risk factor contributing to the development and progression of ischemic stroke. Among many chemicals in tobacco, nicotine may be a key contributor. We hypothesized that nicotine alters the balance between oxidant and antioxidant networks leading to an increase in brain injury following transient focal cerebral ischemia. Male Sprague-Dawley were treated with nicotine (2 or 4 mg·kg–1·day–1) for 4 wk via an implanted subcutaneous osmotic minipump and subjected to a 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Infarct size and neurological deficits were evaluated at 24 h of reperf...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - February 1, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Li, C., Sun, H., Arrick, D. M., Mayhan, W. G. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

Neanderthal DNA May Play Role in Modern Human Health
Genetic legacy can affect risk for nicotine addiction, depression, blood clots and stroke, research suggests
Source: The Doctors Lounge - Psychiatry - February 11, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: webmaster at doctorslounge.com Tags: Family Medicine, Hematology, Psychiatry, Dependence, Research, Preventive Medicine, News, Source Type: news