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Pioglitazone for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with or at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone should be considered in patients with or at high risk of T2DM for the prevention of cardiovascular endpoints, especially in those with a history of established CVD who might benefit the most. Robust reductions in progression of renal disease are seen regardless of baseline renal function degree. PMID: 31822895 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - December 10, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Zhou Y, Huang Y, Ji X, Wang X, Shen L, Wang Y Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Cardiovascular effects of pioglitazone or sulphonylureas according to pretreatment risk: moving towards personalized care.
CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to identify patients with type 2 diabetes early in the stage of their disease and largely free from evident cardiovascular disease, in whom add-on pioglitazone to metformin confers cardiovascular protection as compared to sulphonylureas. PMID: 31058962 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 5, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Vaccaro O, Lucisano G, Masulli M, Bonora E, Del Prato S, Rivellese AA, Giorda CB, Mocarelli P, Squatrito S, Maggioni AP, Riccardi G, Nicolucci A, TOSCA.IT investigators Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Effects on the incidence of cardiovascular events of the addition of pioglitazone versus sulfonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin (TOSCA.IT): a randomised, multicentre trial
This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00700856. Findings Between Sept 18, 2008, and Jan 15, 2014, 3028 patients were randomly assigned and included in the analyses. 1535 were assigned to pioglitazone and 1493 to sulfonylureas (glibenclamide 24 [2%], glimepiride 723 [48%], gliclazide 745 [50%]). At baseline, 335 (11%) participants had a previous cardiovascular event. The study was stopped early on the basis of a futility analysis after a median follow-up of 57·3 months. The primary outcome occurred in 105 patients (1·5 per 100 person-years) who were given pioglitazone and 108 (1·5 per 100 person-yea...
Source: The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology - September 14, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Has the Dawn of a New Era Arrived?
Hyperglycemia is the major risk factor for microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the principal cause of death, and lowering HbA1c has only a modest effect on reducing CVD risk and mortality. The recently published LEADER and SUSTAIN-6 trials demonstrate that, in T2D patients with high CVD risk, the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists liraglutide and semaglutide reduce the primary major adverse cardiac events (MACE) end point (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke) by 13% and 24%, respectively. The EMPA-REG OUTCOME, ...
Source: Diabetes Care - June 21, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Abdul-Ghani, M.; DeFronzo, R. A.; Del Prato, S.; Chilton, R.; Singh, R.; Ryder, R. E. J. Tags: Epidemiology-Diabetes Complications Perspectives in Care Source Type: research

Impact of glucose-lowering therapies on risk of stroke in type 2 diabetes.
Abstract Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have an increased risk of stroke compared with people without diabetes. However, the effects of glucose-lowering drugs on risk of ischaemic stroke in T2D have been less extensively investigated than in coronary heart disease. Some evidence, including the UKPDS, has suggested a reduced risk of stroke with metformin, although the number of studies is limited. Inhibition of the KATP channels increases ischaemic brain lesions in animals. This is in agreement with a recent meta-analysis showing an increased risk of stroke with sulphonylureas vs. various comparators as both m...
Source: Diabetes and Metabolism - May 15, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Bonnet F, Scheen AJ Tags: Diabetes Metab Source Type: research

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and protection against stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
CONCLUSION: The promising data from experimental studies regarding cardioprotective gliptin-associated effects against stroke were not supported by available data from trials specifically looking at cardiovascular safety. PMID: 27916514 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Diabetes and Metabolism - November 30, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Barkas F, Elisaf M, Tsimihodimos V, Milionis H Tags: Diabetes Metab Source Type: research

Revitalization of pioglitazone: the optimum agent to be combined with a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor
The recently completed EMPA‐REG study showed that empagliflozin significantly decreased the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) endpoint, which comprised cardiovascular death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, in patients with high‐risk type 2 diabetes (T2DM), primarily through a reduction in cardiovascular death, without a significant decrease in either MI or stroke. In the PROactive study, pioglitazone decreased the MACE endpoint by a similar degree to that observed in the EMPA‐REG study, through a marked reduction in both recurrent MI and stroke and a modest reduction in cardiovascular death. Thes...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - April 5, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: R. A. DeFronzo, R. Chilton, L. Norton, G. Clarke, R. E. J. Ryder, M. Abdul‐Ghani Tags: PERSPECTIVE Source Type: research

Revitalization of Pioglitazone: The Optimal Agent to be Combined with an SGLT2 Inhibitor
ABSTRACT The recently completed EMPA‐REG study demonstrated that empagliflozin significantly decreased the MACE endpoint (cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI, stroke) in high risk type 2 diabetic patients, primarily due to a reduction in cardiovascular death, without a significant decrease in either myocardial infarction or stroke. In PROactive, pioglitazone decreased the MACE endpoint by a similar degree to that in EMPA‐REG, due to a marked reduction in both recurrent myocardial infarction and stroke and a modest reduction in cardiovascular death. These observations suggest that pioglitazone might be an ideal agent to c...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - February 25, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ralph A. DeFronzo, Robert Chilton, Luke Norton, Geoffrey Clarke, Robert E.J. Ryder, Muhammad Abdul‐Ghani Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Ten‐year observational follow‐up of PROactive: a randomized cardiovascular outcomes trial evaluating pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes
ConclusionsThe trends of macrovascular benefits of pioglitazone compared with placebo during PROactive did not persist in the absence of continued pioglitazone during this 10‐year follow‐up. Trends of decreased bladder cancer and increased prostate cancer were observed in the pioglitazone group during follow‐up; however, these imbalances should be interpreted with caution because of the limitations of the observational study design.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - January 8, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: E. Erdmann, S. Harding, H. Lam, A. Perez Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

10‐Year Observational Follow‐Up of PROactive: a randomized cardiovascular outcomes trial evaluating pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes
ConclusionsThe trends of macrovascular benefits of pioglitazone compared with placebo during PROactive did not persist in the absence of continued pioglitazone during this 10‐year follow‐up. Trends of decreased bladder cancer and increased prostate cancer were observed in the pioglitazone group during follow‐up; however, these imbalances should be interpreted with caution due to limitations of the observational study design.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - November 23, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Erland Erdmann, Sarah Harding, Hung Lam, Alfonso Perez Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Cardiovascular safety of albiglutide in the Harmony programme: a meta-analysis
Publication date: Available online 11 August 2015 Source:The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Author(s): Miles Fisher, Mark C Petrie, Philip D Ambery, Jill Donaldson, John J V McMurray, June Ye Background Albiglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, a new class of drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes. We did a prospective meta-analysis of the cardiovascular safety of albiglutide as stipulated by the US Food and Drug Administration recommendations for the assessment of new treatments for diabetes. Methods We did a meta-analysis of eight phase 3 trials and one phase 2b trial in which patients wer...
Source: The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology - August 12, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Cardiovascular risks associated with second‐line oral antidiabetic agents added to metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study
ConclusionThere were no differences in overall cardiovascular risks among several add‐on second‐line oral antidiabetic agents; however, glinide plus metformin and α‐glucosidase inhibitors plus metformin combination therapies might be associated with lower risks of acute myocardial infarction.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Diabetic Medicine - May 1, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Y.‐C. Chang, L.‐M. Chuang, J.‐W. Lin, S.‐T. Chen, M.‐S. Lai, C.‐H. Chang Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Risk factors associated with abnormal cognition in Japanese outpatients with diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidemia
Conclusions Because of the higher prevalence of abnormal cognition in aged outpatients with diabetes found in primary care practice and significant associations with serum albumin, uric acid, renal function, retinopathy and antidiabetic drugs, there is a need for early diagnosis and strategies against dementia.
Source: Diabetology International - November 9, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Observational follow‐up of the PROactive study: a 6‐year update†
ConclusionsThese data suggest that improved macrovascular outcomes seen with pioglitazone subside without continued pioglitazone treatment. The double‐blind period bladder cancer imbalance did not persist in follow‐up.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - August 19, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: E. Erdmann, E. Song, R. Spanheimer, A.‐R. van Troostenburg de Bruyn, A. Perez Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Observational follow‐up of the PROactive Study: a 6‐year update
ConclusionsThese data suggest that improved macrovascular outcomes seen with pioglitazone subside without continued pioglitazone treatment. The double‐blind period bladder cancer imbalance did not persist in follow‐up.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - July 22, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Erland Erdmann, Eric Song, Robert Spanheimer, Anne‐Ruth van Troostenburg de Bruyn, Alfonso Perez Tags: Original Paper Source Type: research