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Brain attacks and stroke in children
Abstract Emergency physicians are often the first point of contact in children presenting with acute neurological disorders. Differentiating serious disorders, such as stroke, from benign disorders, such as migraine, can be challenging. Clinical assessment influences decision‐making, in particular the need for emergent neuroimaging to confirm diagnosis. This review describes the spectrum of disorders causing ‘brain attack’ symptoms, or acute onset focal neurological dysfunction, with particular emphasis on childhood stroke, because early recognition is essential to improve access to thrombolytic treatments, which hav...
Source: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health - April 5, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Mark T Mackay, Paul Monagle, Franz E Babl Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Age-specific onset and distribution of the natural anticoagulant deficiency in pediatric thromboembolism.
CONCLUSION: Stroke in low PC-infants, and deep vein thrombosis in low PS-/AT-schoolers could be targeted for genetic screening of pediatric thrombophilias.Pediatric Research (2015); doi:10.1038/pr.2015.180. PMID: 26372516 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Pediatric Research - September 15, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Ichiyama M, Ohga S, Ochiai M, Tanaka K, Matsunaga Y, Kusuda T, Inoue H, Ishimura M, Takimoto T, Koga Y, Hotta T, Kang D, Hara T Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: research

What Are Common Inherited Thrombophilias?
Discussion Thrombophilia is the increased risk of thromboembolic disease due to a disorder. Thrombophilia can be inherited or acquired (such as antiphospholipid syndrome). The risk of thromboembolic events is much lower in children than adults. At-risk patients should avoid: Dehydration Sitting for prolonged time periods during travel Obesity Smoking Estrogen containing oral contraceptives Common inherited thrombophilias include: Prothrombin (Factor II mutation) Second most common Genetics: 1-2% prevalence is variable depending on location and ethnic background. Cause: Abnormal point mutation of the prothrombin gene t...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - May 25, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Childhood lupus with microangiopathic antiphospholipid syndrome and pulmonary hemorrhage.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Concurrent thrombotic and hemorrhagic manifestations are uncommon in patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome. CASE CHARACTERISTICS: A 10-year-old girl with fever, edema, rash and joint pains, who later developed deep venous thrombosis (DVT), stroke, thrombotic microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and pulmonary hemorrhage. Investigations confirmed Antiphospholipid syndrome associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. OUTCOME: She went into complete remission with intravenous immunoglobulins, plasmapheresis, immunosuppression and anticoagulation. MESSAGE: Thrombotic microangiopathic...
Source: Indian Pediatrics - April 8, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Bhadauria D, Etta P, Kaul A, Prasad N Tags: Indian Pediatr Source Type: research

Paediatric cerebral sinovenous thrombosis: findings of the International Paediatric Stroke Study
Conclusions Our study extends the observations of previously published smaller studies in children with CSVT that this is a morbid disease with diverse underlying causes and risk factors. Divergent treatment practices among highly specialised centres as well as limited data on treatment efficacy and safety suggest that further study of this condition is warranted.
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - January 20, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Ichord, R. N., Benedict, S. L., Chan, A. K., Kirkham, F. J., Nowak-Gottl, U., Ashwal, deVeber, Ferriero, Fullerton, Ichord, Kirkham, Lynch, O'Callaghan, Pavlakis, Sebire, Willan, Kirton, Moharir, Sofronas, Nowak-Gottl, During, Krumpel, Dowling, Plumb, Jou Tags: Epidemiologic studies, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Epilepsy and seizures, Headache (including migraine), Pain (neurology), Stroke, Child health, Memory disorders (psychiatry) Original article Source Type: research

Current Concepts in Pediatric Stroke
Abstract Stroke is a relatively rare but rather significant cause of short- and long-term morbidity and mortality in children. It can be divided into three categories: arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), hemorrhagic stroke (HS) and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT). This review focuses on AIS. The etiologies of pediatric AIS are diverse and different from those in adult stroke, chief among these being congenital heart disease, vasculopathies, hematological disorders and prothrombotic states. Additional factors might be related to the age group, ethnicity and geographic factors. Early recognition enables initiation...
Source: Indian Journal of Pediatrics - November 22, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis With Ophthalmic Manifestations in 18-Year-Olds on Oral Contraceptives
We present 2 cases of oral contraceptive–induced CVST in 18-year-old women, whose main presenting findings were ophthalmologic.
Source: Clinical Pediatrics - July 4, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Tan, J. J., Hassoun, A., Elmalem, V. I. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Neonatal stroke: a review of the current evidence on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutic options
ConclusionAlthough our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and possible risk factors has improved, little progress has been made towards therapeutic options. Considering the high incidence of neurological sequelae, the need for therapeutic options is high and should be the focus of future research.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Acta Paediatrica - January 16, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: N.E. Aa, M.J.N.L. Benders, F. Groenendaal, L.S. Vries Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Chickenpox and stroke in children: case studies and literature review
Conclusion: Chickenpox should be considered in differential diagnosis of ischemic stroke in healthy children who fit the clinical and radiological typical profile of PVCA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Acta Paediatrica - December 1, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Filipa Reis, Patrícia Pais, José Paulo Monteiro Tags: Clinical Overview Source Type: research

Neonatal cervical artery dissection secondary to birth trauma.
We report a case of a male newborn who was born vaginally after shoulder dystocia. The extraction was difficult, resulting in a fracture of the right humerus. On the second day of life, the child presented generalized clonic convulsions. Computed tomography of the brain showed an ischemic stroke in the territory of the right middle cerebral artery, the territory of the right posterior cerebral artery, and the right lenticulostriate and capsular regions. Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance angiography showed bilateral carotid artery thrombosis and dissection at the left common carotid artery and its two branches ...
Source: Archives de Pediatrie - November 26, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Hamida N, Hakim A, Fourati H, Ben Thabet A, Walha L, Bouraoui A, Mnif Z, Gargouri A Tags: Arch Pediatr Source Type: research

SickKids Handbook of Pediatric Thrombosis and Hemostasis
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Acta Paediatrica - October 4, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Ellen Ruud Tags: Book Review Source Type: research

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension associated with iron-deficiency anaemia
A 12-year-old Nigerian girl presented to the Emergency Department with headache, dizziness and diplopia. She had a history of menorrhagia. Mild dyspnoea, tachycardia, left sixth cranial nerve palsy and papilloedema (figures 1 and 2) were noted. Body mass index was normal. Full blood count revealed haemoglobin of 4.8 g/dl. The red cells were hypochromic and mircocytic. A CT scan of the brain with venous contrast was normal. A lumbar puncture showed opening and closing pressures of 35 and 33.5 cm H2O, respectively. The diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension secondary to iron-deficiency anaemia was made. ...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - May 9, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Forman, E. B., O'Byrne, J. J., Capra, L., McElnea, E., King, M. D. Tags: Miscellanea Source Type: research

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