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E-111 Analysis of intracerebral hemorrhage in n established mouse model
BackgroundKontos’ elucidated the theory that iron-mediated free radical production and subsequent oxidative damage was responsible for on-going cerebral degeneration within the infarct following ischemic stroke. The production of free radicals is likely tied to the generation of superoxide following reperfusion of the ischemic brain. Free radical production happens relatively soon after reperfusion but the time to oxidative damage of surrounding tissue is still unknown. It is well-established that ischemic stroke results in loss of autoregulation to cerebral tissues. Ischemic strokes have the potential to transform i...
Source: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery - July 23, 2022 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Pendleton, N. Tags: SNIS 19th annual meeting electronic poster abstracts Source Type: research

MRI for all: Cheap portable scanners aim to revolutionize medical imaging
.news-article__hero--featured .parallax__element{ object-position: 47% 50%; -o-object-position: 47% 50%; } The patient, a man in his 70s with a shock of silver hair, lies in the neuro intensive care unit (neuro ICU) at Yale New Haven Hospital. Looking at him, you’d never know that a few days earlier a tumor was removed from his pituitary gland. The operation didn’t leave a mark because, as is standard, surgeons reached the tumor through his nose. He chats cheerfully with a pair of research associates who have come to check his progress with a new and potentially revolutionary device they are testing. The cylind...
Source: Science of Aging Knowledge Environment - February 23, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Mutations in the ENG, ACVRL1, and SMAD4 genes and clinical manifestations of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: experience from the Center for Osler's Disease, Uppsala University Hospital.
CONCLUSION: Our results showing that ENG and ACVRL1 gene mutations result in different HHT phenotypes confirm the results from other HHT centres worldwide. Cerebral complications of HHT are common, underscoring the importance of regular screening for pulmonary AVMs and early intervention against such AVMs. We have identified an HHT patient with simultaneous mutations in the ENG and ACVRL1 genes. Surprisingly, this patient has had a mild course of the disease. PMID: 30251589 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences - September 25, 2018 Category: General Medicine Authors: Karlsson T, Cherif H Tags: Ups J Med Sci Source Type: research

Iron Metabolism and Brain Development in Premature Infants
Yafeng Wang1,2,3, Yanan Wu2, Tao Li1,2,3, Xiaoyang Wang2,4 and Changlian Zhu2,3* 1Department of Neonatology (NICU), Children’s Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China 2Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China 3Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 4Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Got...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 24, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone Improves Neurological Recovery by Attenuating Ferroptosis and Inflammation in Cerebral Hemorrhagic Mice
Biomed Res Int. 2021 Sep 8;2021:9916328. doi: 10.1155/2021/9916328. eCollection 2021.ABSTRACTFerroptosis and inflammation induced by cerebral hemorrhage result in an excessive inflammatory response and irreversible neuronal injury. Alleviating ferroptosis might be an effective way to prevent neuroinflammatory injury and promote neural functional recovery. Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazine (PIH), a lipophilic iron-chelating agent, has been reported to reduce excess iron-induced cytotoxicity. However, whether PIH could ameliorate the effects of hemorrhagic stroke is not completely understood. In the present study, the preven...
Source: Biomed Res - September 20, 2021 Category: Research Authors: Hengli Zhang Min Wen Jiayu Chen Chaojie Yao Xiao Lin Zhongxiao Lin Junnan Ru Qichuan Zhuge Su Yang Source Type: research

Metal ion chelation enhances tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-induced thrombolysis: an in vitro and in vivo study
AbstractStroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States and the leading cause of adult disability. Despite enormous research efforts including many clinical trials, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the only FDA-approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Unfortunately, only 1 –3% of stroke patients in the US receive this therapy because of the narrow time window and severe side effects for using tPA. The most deadly and damaging side effect is the risk of intracranial bleeding or hemorrhage. For that reason, the dose of tPA and its overall administration are under tigh t control, which may com...
Source: Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - November 10, 2021 Category: Hematology Source Type: research

Cerebral Hemorrhage: Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Future Directions
Circ Res. 2022 Apr 15;130(8):1204-1229. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319949. Epub 2022 Apr 14.ABSTRACTIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. This review article focuses on the epidemiology, cause, mechanisms of injury, current treatment strategies, and future research directions of ICH. Incidence of hemorrhagic stroke has increased worldwide over the past 40 years, with shifts in the cause over time as hypertension management has improved and anticoagulant use has increased. Preclinical and clinical trials have elucidated the underlying ICH cause and mechanisms of i...
Source: Circulation Research - April 14, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jessica Magid-Bernstein Romuald Girard Sean Polster Abhinav Srinath Sharbel Romanos Issam A Awad Lauren H Sansing Source Type: research

Azheimer's Disease Therapeutics Targeted to the Control of Amyloid Precursor Protein Translation: Maintenance of Brain Iron Homeostasis.
Abstract The neurotoxicity of amyloid beta (Aβ), a major cleavage product of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), is enhanced by iron, as found in the amyloid plaques of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. By contrast, the long-known neuroprotective activity of APP is evident after α-secretase cleavage of the precursor to release sAPPα, and depends on the iron export actions of APP itself. The latter underlie its neurotrophic and protective effects in facilitating the homeostatic actions of ferroportin mediated-iron export. Thus APP-dependent iron export may alleviate oxidative stress by minimizing labile iron t...
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - February 7, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Bandyopadhyay S, Rogers JT Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

Uptake and Toxicity of Hemin and Iron in Cultured Mouse Astrocytes.
Abstract Hemin is a breakdown product of the blood protein, hemoglobin and is responsible for much of the secondary damage caused following a hemorrhagic stroke. Hemin is toxic to cultured astrocytes and it is thought that this toxicity is due to iron that is liberated when hemin is degraded. However, free iron applied to astrocytes is not toxic and the reason for this discrepancy is unknown. The present study exposed primary astrocyte cultures from neonatal mice to hemin-iron (25 µM hemin) or non-hemin iron (25 µM ferric ammonium citrate; FAC) for 12 or 24 h. Perls' and Turnbull's staining, as well as measur...
Source: Neurochemical Research - December 22, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Owen JE, Bishop GM, Robinson SR Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Intraspinal TLR4 activation promotes iron storage but does not protect neurons or oligodendrocytes from progressive iron-mediated damage.
Abstract Iron is essential for basic cellular functions but in excess is highly toxic. For this reason, free iron and iron storage are controlled in the periphery by elaborate regulatory mechanisms. In contrast, iron regulation in the central nervous system (CNS) is not well defined. Given that excess iron is present after trauma, hemorrhagic stroke and neurodegeneration, understanding normal iron regulation and promoting iron uptake in CNS pathology is crucial. Peripherally, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation promotes iron sequestration by macrophages. Notably, iron-rich sites of CNS pathology typically conta...
Source: Experimental Neurology - August 26, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Goldstein EZ, Church JS, Pukos N, Gottipati M, Popovich PG, McTigue DM Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

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