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Case report: Acute vestibular syndrome and cerebellitis in anti-Yo paraneoplastic syndrome
We report three patients evaluated over the past decade with an acute AVS along with subtle downbeat nystagmus (DBN), followed by dysarthria and progressive truncal and limb ataxia, as well as increasing DBN intensity.MethodsAll patients underwent neurologic examination, video-oculography, MRI, serum cancer markers, spinal fluid examination, paraneoplastic panel testing, and oncologic workup. With a consolidated diagnosis of cancer/paraneoplastic syndrome, we treated with plasma exchange (PLEX), high-dose steroids, surgery, and oncologic investigation. We additionally provided oncotherapy in one out of three patients.Resul...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - August 26, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Limbic Encephalitis Exacerbations and Remissions Charted by Microglial PET Scan: A Case Study (P4.104)
CONCLUSIONS: C-11-PK11195 PET imaging can be useful in the diagnosis of limbic encephalitis and for monitoring response to treatment. MALT lymphoma may also be associated with autoimmune or paraneoplastic encephalitis, especially in individuals with other predisposing factors to autoimmune disorders, such as Tourette’s and autoimmune thyroid disease. The reduction in microglial activity with both IVIG and anti-psychotics supports previous findings that anti-psychotics may act through anti-inflammatory pathways.Disclosure: Dr. Shatz has received research support from Janssen Pharmaceutica. Dr. Chugani has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Shatz, R., Chugani, H. Tags: Aging, Dementia, Cognitive, and Behavioral Neurology: Rapidly Progressive and Inflammatory Dementias Source Type: research

GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES IN NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES: Anti-AMPA-GluR3 antibodies, Anti-NMDA-NR1 antibodies, Anti-NMDA-NR2A/B antibodies, Anti-mGluR1 antibodies or Anti-mGluR5 antibodies are present in subpopulations of patients with either: Epilepsy, Encephalitis, Cerebellar Ataxia, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Neuropsychiatric SLE, Sjogren's syndrome, Schizophrenia, Mania or Stroke. These autoimmune anti-glutamate receptor antibodies can bind neurons in few brain regions, activate glutamate receptors, decrease glutamate receptor's expression, impair glutamate-induced signaling and function, activate Blood Brain Barrier endothelial cells, kill neurons, damage the brain, induce behavioral/psychiatric/cognitive abnormalities and Ataxia in animal models, and can be removed or silenced in some patients by immunotherapy.
Abstract Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the Central Nervous System (CNS), and it is crucially needed for numerous key neuronal functions. Yet, excess glutamate causes massive neuronal death and brain damage by excitotoxicity-detrimental over activation of glutamate receptors. Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is the main pathological process taking place in many types of acute and chronic CNS diseases and injuries. In recent years, it became clear that not only excess glutamate can cause massive brain damage, but that several types of anti-glutamate receptor antibodies, that are present in ...
Source: Herpes - August 1, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Levite M Tags: J Neural Transm Source Type: research

Limbic encephalitis: Clinical spectrum and long-term outcome from a developing country perspective
Conclusion: Early recognition of LE is important based upon clinical, MRI data in the absence of antineuronal surface antibody screen in developing nations. Early institution of immunotherapy will help in improvement in outcome of these patients in long-term.
Source: Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology - May 17, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Sujit Abajirao JagtapGopal Krishna DasHarsha J. KambaleAshalatha RadhakrishnanM.D. Nair Source Type: research

Progressive limbic encephalopathy: Problems and prospects
Conclusion: All patients who present with new onset neuropsychiatric symptoms need to be evaluated for sub-acute infections, inflammation, autoimmune limbic encephalitis and paraneoplastic syndrome. A repeated 20 minute EEG is a very effective screening tool to detect organicity.
Source: Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology - May 17, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Sadanandavalli Retnaswami ChandraRoopa SeshadriYasha ChikabasaviahThomas Gregor Issac Source Type: research

Voltage Gated Calcium Channels Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis (P5.228)
ConclusionThis case demonstrates a correlation between a high titer of VGCC antibodies and autoimmune encephalitis. Our patient's initial improvement with steroids and plasma exchange in the face of a negative CT and PET suggests a primary autoimmune process rather than a paraneoplastic etiology, though we admit that it is premature to rule out remission and we will continue to follow herDisclosure: Dr. Alwaki has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lugo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goshgarian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ahmad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hefzy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mitsias has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Alwaki, A., Lugo, A., Goshgarian, C., Ahmad, O., Hefzy, H., Mitsias, P. Tags: Aging, Dementia, and Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Subacute Encephalopathies Source Type: research

N-type calcium channel antibody-mediated paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: A diagnostic challenge
Conclusion: This case highlights limbic encephalitis as an atypical presentation of neuroendocrine cancer. It also illustrates how treatment of the underlying cancer can reverse limbic encephalitis and Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome in a neuroendocrine carcinoma patient even before the paraneoplastic panel becomes negative.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - January 27, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Carlos Kamiya-Matsuoka, David Blas-Boria, Michelle D. Williams, Pedro Garciarena, Sudhakar Tummala, Ivo W. Tremont-Lukats Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Autoimmune gabab antibody encephalitis associated with non-malignant lung lesion
GABAb receptor autoimmune encephalitis is a potentially treatable disorder characterised by seizures, memory deficits, increased anxiety and mood dysregulation. In some patients it is associated with small–cell lung cancer and with other autoantibodies. We are presenting a case of GABAb receptor autoimmune encephalitis which was associated with non–malignant lung lesion, likely inflammatory in nature. A 62 year old woman presented with recent onset depression and tonic–clonic seizures. CT head showed patchy white matter changes particularly in the left frontal lobe. Initial treatment for suspected infecti...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Wysota, B., Teare, L., Karim, A., Jacob, S. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Epilepsy and seizures, Infection (neurology), Stroke, Drugs: psychiatry, Memory disorders (psychiatry), Radiology, Drugs: musculoskeletal and joint diseases, Radiology (diagnostics) Association of British Neurologists (AB Source Type: research