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Deep learning approach for diabetes prediction using PIMA Indian dataset
ConclusionThe outcome of the study confirms that DL provides the best results with the most promising extracted features. DL achieves the accuracy of 98.07% which can be used for further development of the automatic prognosis tool. The accuracy of the DL approach can further be enhanced by including the omics data for prediction of the onset of the disease.
Source: Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders - April 13, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Sex Differences in Sex Hormone Profiles and Prediction of Consciousness Recovery After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Conclusion: These findings indicate that TBI differentially affects the levels of sex-steroid hormones in men and women patients. Plasma levels of testosterone could be a good candidate blood marker to predict recovery from unconsciousness after sTBI for male patients. Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide and is increasing in incidence (1). Patients with acute severe TBI (sTBI) often develop severe disorders of consciousness, i.e., coma, minimally conscious state or vegetative state. Although many patients may regain consciousness during the 1-month post-TBI p...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 25, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The Discovery and Development of Liraglutide and Semaglutide
We describe one such approach, albumin binding, and explain how it was applied in the development of the human GLP-1 analog liraglutide once daily and, subsequently, semaglutide once weekly. The pharmacology of these two long-acting GLP-1 analogs, in terms of improving glycemic control, reducing body weight and decreasing cardiovascular (CV) risk, is also reviewed, together with some novel biology. In addition, we describe the importance of accurate target (GLP-1 receptor) tissue expression analysis. Now an established class of agents, GLP-1-based therapies represent a significant advance in the treatment of T2D. All curr...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 11, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Orexin-A Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation at the Level of the Intestinal Barrier
We examined a possible protective effect of OX-A against LPS-induced ROS formation and microglia activation. To mimic in vitro the connection between gut and brain and to study the putative effect on the cortical microglia, we used a co-culture of Caco-2 cells and primary cortical microglia with Caco-2 cells placed at the apical side of a transwell and primary cortical microglia at the basolateral side. All treatments used to study the apical vs. basal connection were applied to the apical compartment. We used DHR (10 μM, 20 min), a cell-permeable fluorogenic probe useful for the detection of ROS formation, to dete...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 9, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Programming During and After Diabetic Pregnancy: Role of Placental Dysfunction and IUGR
This study demonstrated that the incidence of ischemic heart disease and death were three times higher among men with low birth weight compared to men with high birth weight (5). Epidemiological investigations of adults born at the time of the Dutch famine between 1944 and 1945 revealed an association between maternal starvation and a low infant birth weight with a high incidence of hypertension and coronary heart disease in these adults (23). Furthermore, Painter et al. reported the incidence of early onset coronary heart disease among persons conceived during the Dutch famine (24). In that regard, Barker's findin...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 8, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Neuroimaging and Neurolaw: Drawing the Future of Aging
Vincenzo Tigano1, Giuseppe Lucio Cascini2, Cristina Sanchez-Castañeda3, Patrice Péran4 and Umberto Sabatini5* 1Department of Juridical, Historical, Economic and Social Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy 2Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy 3Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain 4ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France 5Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, ...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 7, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Selective Non-nuclear Estrogen Receptor Activation Decreases Stroke Severity and Promotes Functional Recovery in Female Mice.
Abstract Estrogens provide neuroprotection in animal models of stroke, but uterotrophic effects and cancer risk limit translation. Classical estrogen receptors (ER) serve as transcription factors, whereas non-nuclear ER govern numerous cell processes and exert beneficial cardiometabolic effects without uterine or breast cancer growth in mice. Here we determined how non-nuclear ER stimulation with a pathway-preferential estrogen (PaPE-1) impacts stroke outcome in mice.Ovariectomized female mice received vehicle, estradiol (E2), or PaPE-1 before and following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo). MRI a...
Source: Endocrinology - September 25, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Selvaraj UM, Zuurbier K, Whoolery C, Plautz EJ, Chambliss KL, Kong X, Zhang S, Kim SH, Katzenellenbogen BS, Katzenellenbogen JA, Mineo C, Shaul PW, Stowe AM Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

A3 Adenosine Receptor Antagonists and Partial Agonists (U.S. Patent Application Number 13/056,997)
Disclosed are A3 adenosine receptor antagonists and/or partial agonists of formula (I): wherein R1 to R5 are as described herein, as well as pharmaceutical compositions thereof and methods of use thereof. The antagonists or partial agonists find use in treating a number of diseases including cancer, glaucoma, inflammatory diseases, asthma, stroke, myocardial infarction, allergic reactions, rhinitis, poison ivy induced responses, urticaria, scleroderma, arthritis, brain arteriole diameter constriction, bronchoconstriction, and myocardial ischemia, as well as in preventing cardiac ischemia. Also disclosed are radiolabeled co...
Source: NIDDK Research Resources - August 16, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Survival in Out-of-hospital Rapid Sequence Intubation of Non-Traumatic Brain Pathologies.
CONCLUSIONS: Non-traumatic brain pathologies are seven times more prevalent than traumatic brain injuries in patients that underwent out-of-hospital RSI in Victoria, Australia. Since the mechanisms through which RSI impacts mortality might differ between traumatic brain injuries and NTBP, and given that NTBP is very prevalent, it follows that the use of RSI in NTBP could be unsupported. PMID: 28622071 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Prehospital Emergency Care - June 19, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Prehosp Emerg Care Source Type: research

Updates in outcomes of stereotactic radiation therapy in acromegaly
Conclusion Although the use of radiotherapy in patients with acromegaly has decreased with advances in medical treatments, it remains an effective treatment option after unsuccessful surgery and/or resistance or unavailability of medical therapy. Long-term studies evaluating secondary morbidity and mortality rate after the new stereotactic techniques are needed, in order to evaluate their potential brain-sparing effect.
Source: Pituitary - February 15, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The Endocrine Dyscrasia that Accompanies Menopause and Andropause Induces Aberrant Cell Cycle Signaling that Triggers Re-entry of Post-mitotic Neurons into the Cell Cycle, Neurodysfunction, Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Disease.
Abstract Sex hormones are physiological factors that promote neurogenesis during embryonic and fetal development. During childhood and adulthood these hormones support the maintenance of brain structure and function via neurogenesis and the formation of dendritic spines, axons and synapses required for the capture, processing and retrieval of information (memories). Not surprisingly, changes in these reproductive hormones with menopause and during andropause are strongly correlated with neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. In this connection, much evidence now indicates that Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves a...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - July 16, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Atwood CS, Bowen RL Tags: Horm Behav Source Type: research