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Advanced glycation end products induce skeletal muscle atrophy and insulin resistance via activating ROS-mediated ER stress PERK/FOXO1 signaling
In this study, we investigated whether AGEs could exacerbate skeletal muscle atrophy and its related insulin resistance. Mice were exposed to AGEs. Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) was silenced by a constructed viral vector carrying siRNA. Skeletal muscle atrophy was evaluated by H&E, oil red O, myosin skeletal heavy chain (MHC) and laminin immunofluorescent stains. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was assessed by DHE stain. Western blotting was used to evaluate protein expression and phosphorylation. Insulin resistance was monitored by insulin tolerance test (ITT) and glucose infusion rate (GIR). Mice exposed to AGEs s...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - February 1, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Haixia Du Yanpeng Ma Xiqiang Wang Yong Zhang Ling Zhu Shuang Shi Shuo Pan Zhongwei Liu Source Type: research

Repurposed major urinary protein pheromones and adult sensory neurons: Roles in neuron plasticity and experimental diabetes
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2022 May 30. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00001.2022. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMajor urinary proteins (MUPs), members of the broader lipocalin protein family, are classified as pheromones that are excreted in male rodent urine to define conspecific territoriality. In screening for differentially regulated mRNA transcripts in a mouse model of type 1 experimental diabetes mellitus (DM), we identified an unexpected upregulation of several closely related MUP transcripts within diabetic sensory dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Both sexes expressed overall MUP protein content as identified by an antibody ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 31, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Trevor Poitras Vandana Singh Ramanaguru Piragasam Xiuling Wang Atef Mahmoud Mannaa Ambika Chandrasekhar Jose Martinez Richard Fahlman Douglas W Zochodne Source Type: research

GPR40-Deficiency Is Associated with Hepatic FAT/CD36 Upregulation, Steatosis, Inflammation and Cell Injury in C57BL/6 Mice.
In this study, we fed wild-type or GPR40 knockout C57BL/6 mice high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks and then assessed the effect of GPR40-deficiency on HFD-induced NAFLD. Assays on metabolic parameters showed that HFD increased bodyweight, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and GPR40-deficiency did not mitigate the HFD-induced metabolic abnormalities. In contrast, we found that GPR40-deficiency was associated with increased bodyweight, insulin, insulin resistance, cholesterol and ALT in control mice fed low fat diet (LFD). Surprisingly, histology and Oil Red O staining showed ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 26, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Lu Z, Li Y, Syn WK, Li AJ, Ritter S, Wank SA, Lopes-Virella MF, Huang Y Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Tangshen Formula Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis by Inducing Autophagy Through the AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway
Conclusion In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that autophagy was involved in relieving the effects of TSF against NAFLD, which were mediated by the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway (Figure 7D). These findings may improve our current understanding of the role of TSF in treating hepatic steatosis and provide an experimental basis for the clinical application of TSF in NAFLD and its related metabolic syndrome. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Co...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Increasing Upstream Chromatin Long –Range Interactions May Favor Induction of Circular RNAs in LysoPC-Activated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
We examined the sponging potential of all significantly changed circRNAs using the CircInteractome database (Montefiori et al., 2018), recording two miRNAs with four or more predicted binding sites in a single circRNA transcript, a threshold above which meaningful sponging activity is likely to occur Memczak et al. (2013). Another four significantly changed circRNAs are experimentally shown to sponge miRNAs (Dudekula et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2017; Yan et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2018), for six total circRNAs with miRNA sponging activity including miR125, miR143, miR1272, miR153, miR515-5p, and miR196a-5p (Table 4). In Fig...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 17, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

FGF21 as Modulator of Metabolism in Health and Disease
In conclusion, FGF21 belongs to a promising class of cytokines that are induced in response to stress and that can be used as a drug, drug target, or through a biomarker, depending on the physio-pathological context. All these findings will become clear when FGF21 will be used as a therapeutic molecule, exploiting the beneficial effects of FGF21 for treating metabolic disease or when it will be blocked to ameliorate disease progression and the onset of disease. Author Contributions CT and MS wrote the manuscript. VR contributed to the discussion. Funding This work was supported from the AFM-Telethon (19524), Italian Mi...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

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