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IFIT5 Participates in the Antiviral Mechanisms of Rainbow Trout Red Blood Cells
We described a new defense mechanism based on IFIT5 antiviral activity in nucleated RBCs that appeared to contribute to halting the VHSV infection. This finding sheds light into novel antiviral therapeutics to mitigate the economic losses and social impact caused by viral infections in the aquaculture industry. This work broadens the knowledge of fish nucleated RBCs functions and their role in the immune response to viral infections. Ethics Statement Experimental protocols and methods relating to experimental animals were reviewed and approved by the Animal Welfare Body and the Research Ethics Committee at the University...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 15, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Oligonucleotides —A Novel Promising Therapeutic Option for IBD
Conclusions In this review, we focused on recent and past approaches to test the therapeutic efficacy of oligonucleotide based therapies in IBD. The combining mechanistic mode of oligonucleotide based therapeutics is a targeted action on specific pro-inflammatory molecules, which are over activated in IBD patients and contribute significantly to disease pathogenesis. The proposed high selectivity of the agents is derived from its mode of action, that aims to specifically block certain inflammatory molecular patterns, without a general systemic effect on other molecular targets. It would be important for each oligonucleot...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Abstract 5418: Tumor-targeted nanoparticle delivery of HuR-RNAi suppresses lung cancer cell proliferation and cell migration
Conclusions. Tumor-targeted nanoparticle delivery of HuR-RNAi in lung cancer cells selectively inhibited HuR and HuR-regulated oncoproteins resulting in diminished cell proliferation and cell migration in vitro. Acknowledgement. This study was funded by a grant (R01CA167516-01) from the National Cancer Institute. Citation Format: Ranganayaki Muralidharan, Anish Babu, Kanthesh Basalingappa, Anupama Munshi, Rajagopal Ramesh. Tumor-targeted nanoparticle delivery of HuR-RNAi suppresses lung cancer cell proliferation and cell migration. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Canc...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Muralidharan, R., Babu, A., Basalingappa, K., Munshi, A., Ramesh, R. Tags: Cancer Chemistry Source Type: research

Role of Sirt3 in mitochondrial biogenesis and developmental competence of human in vitro matured oocytes
STUDY QUESTION Does Sirt3 dysfunction result in poor developmental outcomes for human oocytes after in vitro maturation (IVM)? SUMMARY ANSWER Inefficient Sirt3 expression induced decreased mitochondrial DNA copy number and biogenesis, and therefore impaired the developmental competence of human IVM oocytes. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Cytoplasmic immaturity in IVM oocytes may lead to reduced developmental competence. Mitochondrial dysfunction results in the accumulation of free radicals and leads to DNA mutations, protein damage, telomere shortening and apoptosis. SIRT3 (in the Sirtuin protein family) has emerged as a mitochon...
Source: Human Reproduction - February 16, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Zhao, H.-C., Ding, T., Ren, Y., Li, T.-J., Li, R., Fan, Y., Yan, J., Zhao, Y., Li, M., Yu, Y., Qiao, J. Tags: Reproductive biology Source Type: research

The Functions of Non-coding RNAs in rRNA Regulation
Qi Yan1, Chengming Zhu1, Shouhong Guang1,2* and Xuezhu Feng1* 1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China 2CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China Ribosomes are ribonucleoprotein machines that decode the genetic information embedded in mRNAs into polypeptides. Ribosome biogenesis is tightly coordinated and controlled from the transcription of pre-rRNAs to the assembly of ribosomes. Defects or disorders in rRNA production result in a number of human ri...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - April 4, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Complement C5b-9 and Cancer: Mechanisms of Cell Damage, Cancer Counteractions, and Approaches for Intervention
In conclusion, osmotic burst of inflated complement-damaged cells may occur, but these bursts are most likely a consequence of metabolic collapse of the cell rather than the cause of cell death. The Complement Cell Death Mediator: A Concerted Action of Toxic Moieties Membrane pores caused by complement were first visualized by electron microscopy on red blood cell membranes as large ring structures (22). Similar lesions were viewed on E. coli cell walls (23). Over the years, ample information on the fine ultrastructure of the MAC that can activate cell death has been gathered (24) and has been recently further examined (...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Abstract PR03: Targeting multiple cell cycle regulatory points for the prevention of triple-negative breast cancer
Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that dinaciclib alone or the combination therapy of LG100268 and dinaciclib causes inhibition of premalignant cell growth and delayed ER-negative mammary tumorigenesis in SV40 Tag mice. While an additive effect of dinaciclib and LG100268 was observed in vitro, the in vivo combination therapy was not significantly more effective than dinaciclib treatment alone. Future studies should investigate different combinations of dosages of dinaciclib and LG100268 in vivo. These studies were supported by an NCI/NIH R25T grant (R25CA057730, BL) and Susan G. Komen for the Cure Promise grant (KG081...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Litzenburger, B. C., Uray, I. P., Hill, J., Zhang, J., Mazumdar, A., Brown, P. H. Tags: Combinatorial Approaches to Chemoprevention: Oral Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research

A20, an essential component of the ubiquitin-editing protein complex, is a negative regulator of inflammation in human myometrium and foetal membranes
AbstractSTUDY QUESTIONDoes A20 regulate mediators involved in the terminal processes of human labour in primary myometrial and amnion cells?SUMMARY ANSWERA20 is a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κB) responsive gene that acts as a negative regulator of NF-κB-induced expression of pro-labour mediators.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADYInflammation is commonly implicated in spontaneous preterm birth and the processes involved in rupture of foetal membranes and uterine contractions. In myometrium and foetal membranes, the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF- κB regulates the transcription of pro-labour mediators in response to inflamma...
Source: Molecular Human Reproduction - August 9, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Detailed Dissection of UBE3A-Mediated DDI1 Ubiquitination
Discussion Poly-ubiquitinated proteins targeted for degradation might be recognized directly by proteasomal receptors or by proteasomal shuttling proteins. The first shuttling proteins – Ddi1, Rad23 and Dsk2 – were identified and characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Lambertson et al., 1999; Kaplun et al., 2005). Proteasomal shuttles contain an N-terminal ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain that interacts with the 26S proteasome (Finley, 2009), and a C-terminal ubiquitin-binding domain domain (UBD) that binds to ubiquitin or poly-ubiquitin chains (Bertolaet et al., 2001). When ubiquitinated, substrates are capt...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - May 2, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Abstract 441: Aldosterone-salt Hypertension Depends on the SFO, Central Aldosterone Synthase and MR Specifically in the PVN Poster Session II
We examined the role of the subfornical organ (SFO), aldo synthesized locally in the brain, and MR specifically in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in aldo-salt hypertension. Wistar rats with telemetry probes were treated with chronic intra-cerebroventricular infusion of aldo synthase (AS) inhibitor FAD286 (25 μg/day), MR blocker eplerenone (5 μg/day) or vehicle. After 2 days, subcutaneous (sc) aldo infusion (1 μg/h) was started and saline was provided as drinking water. In a second set of rats with telemetry, electrolytic or sham lesions of the SFO, or bilateral intra-PVN infusion of AAV-MR-siRNA or AAV-SCM-siRN...
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Huang, B. S., Ahmad, M., Chen, A., White, R. A., Leenen, F. H., Leenen, F. H. Tags: Poster Session II Source Type: research

Abstract 4043: A novel CXCR4 pathway is required for migration of metastatic breast cancer cells
The research presented here supports a model whereby a novel CXCR4-Arf6-ERK pathway is critical for CXCR4 functionality in metastatic breast cancer cells. CXCR4 is a chemokine G protein-coupled receptor essential for migration of select neuronal and hematopoietic cells towards SDF (CXCL12), and is now recognized to promote cancer metastasis. Aberrant expression of CXCR4 in nonmotile primary tumor cells unmasks a migratory capacity and promotes metastatic homing of tumor cells to distal SDF-expressing organs. Metastasis is a major cause of mortality in cancer patients, leading to vigorous attempts to identify molecular path...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Freed, J., Shaffer, C. V., Moore, C. C. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Immune-Modulation by the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Focus on Dendritic Cells
This study is complemented by another report that found that hRSV infection induces significant expression of three miRNAs, namely hsa-miR-4448, hsa-miR-30a-5p, and hsa-miR-4634 in human DCs (104). Interestingly, this latter study also performed comparative analyses of miRNA profiles between DCs infected with hRSV and a related virus, namely the human metapneumovirus, and found that both viruses induced the expression of elevated levels of hsa-miR-4634. Elucidating the contribution of these miRNAs in DCs in response to hRSV remains to be determined. Dendritic Cell Phenotype and Migration Upon hRSV Infection in vivo Altho...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 14, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

A Novel Regulator of Preadipocyte Differentiation, Transcription Factor TCF21, Functions Partially Through Promoting LPL Expression
Discussion Excessive fat deposition in chickens can result in many undesirable consequences within the poultry industry, including reduced feeding efficiency (Zhou et al., 2006) and decreased reproductive performance (Walzem and Chen, 2014). Thus, broiler breeders urgently require a more thorough understanding of the molecular mechanism governing chicken adipogenesis. We previously found that broilers from lean and fat lines exhibit clear differences in reproductive performance (Zhang et al., 2018). In addition, TCF21 was found to be related to testis growth and development in these broilers (Zhang et al., 2017). In mice ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 22, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

HuR is Essential for TDP-43 Expression through Posttranscriptional Mechanisms: Implications for Motor Neuron Toxicity and ALS (1II-2.002)
Conclusions: 1. HuR is essential for proper expression of TDP-43. 2. HuR directly binds to TDP-43 mRNA and regulates its expression through the 3’ UTR. 3. Loss of HuR in astrocytes leads to the production of soluble factors that are toxic to cortical and motor neurons. These findings are consistent with our previous observations that impaired HuR function may contribute to ALS pathogenesis.Study supported by: Study supported by NIH/NINDS Grant NS057664.Disclosure: Dr. Lu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zheng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Si has nothing to disclose. Dr. Oh has nothing to disclose. Dr. King has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Lu, L., Zheng, L., Si, Y., Oh, S., King, P. Tags: Proteinopathy in Neurodegenerative Disease Data Blitz Presentations Source Type: research

HuR is Essential for TDP-43 Expression through Posttranscriptional Mechanisms: Implications for Motor Neuron Toxicity and ALS (S56.003)
Conclusions: 1. HuR is essential for proper expression of TDP-43. 2. HuR directly binds to TDP-43 mRNA and regulates its expression through the 3’ UTR. 3. Loss of HuR in astrocytes leads to the production of soluble factors that are toxic to cortical and motor neurons. These findings are consistent with our previous observations that impaired HuR function may contribute to ALS pathogenesis.Study supported by: Study supported by NIH/NINDS Grant NS057664.Disclosure: Dr. Lu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zheng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Si has nothing to disclose. Dr. Oh has nothing to disclose. Dr. King has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Lu, L., Zheng, L., Si, Y., Oh, S., King, P. Tags: Anterior Horn Disease Source Type: research