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FKN Facilitates HK-2 Cell EMT and Tubulointerstitial Lesions via the Wnt/ β-Catenin Pathway in a Murine Model of Lupus Nephritis
In this study, we therefore examined whether FKN could stimulate the process of EMT, NF-kB, TGFβ, CCL22, F4/80, inflammation, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in a murine model of LN. We also determined whether FKN was involved in the EMT process of Wnt/β-catenin-expressing HK-2 cells. Mechanistically, we ascertained, for the first time, whether FKN up-regulated EMT-related gene signatures (e.g., vimentin, α-SMA), and hence, renal tubulointerstitial fibrogenesis, and the role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in this process. Materials and Methods Cell Culture, Stable Infection, and Gr...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

A Novel Regulator of Preadipocyte Differentiation, Transcription Factor TCF21, Functions Partially Through Promoting LPL Expression
Discussion Excessive fat deposition in chickens can result in many undesirable consequences within the poultry industry, including reduced feeding efficiency (Zhou et al., 2006) and decreased reproductive performance (Walzem and Chen, 2014). Thus, broiler breeders urgently require a more thorough understanding of the molecular mechanism governing chicken adipogenesis. We previously found that broilers from lean and fat lines exhibit clear differences in reproductive performance (Zhang et al., 2018). In addition, TCF21 was found to be related to testis growth and development in these broilers (Zhang et al., 2017). In mice ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 22, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

TonEBP Suppresses the HO-1 Gene by Blocking Recruitment of Nrf2 to Its Promoter
Discussion Dynamic changes in the functional phenotype of macrophages are associated with pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases (5–7). TonEBP primes macrophages toward an M1 phenotype, which has pro-inflammatory properties. TonEBP does this by promoting expression of pro-inflammatory genes via interaction with NF-κB (36) and by binding directly to the promoter (37, 64). In addition, TonEBP suppresses expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by limiting chromatin access to the promoter (37). The pro-inflammatory function of TonEBP suggests that inhibiting its expression or activation could suppres...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 17, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

FGF21 as Modulator of Metabolism in Health and Disease
In conclusion, FGF21 belongs to a promising class of cytokines that are induced in response to stress and that can be used as a drug, drug target, or through a biomarker, depending on the physio-pathological context. All these findings will become clear when FGF21 will be used as a therapeutic molecule, exploiting the beneficial effects of FGF21 for treating metabolic disease or when it will be blocked to ameliorate disease progression and the onset of disease. Author Contributions CT and MS wrote the manuscript. VR contributed to the discussion. Funding This work was supported from the AFM-Telethon (19524), Italian Mi...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Genetic Regulation of Liver Metabolites and Transcripts Linking to Biochemical-Clinical Parameters
Conclusion In summary, this study is the first to combine metabolomics, transcriptomics, and genome-wide association studies in a porcine model. Our results improve understanding of the genetic regulation of metabolites which link to transcripts and finally biochemical-clinical parameters. Further, high-performance profiling of metabolites as intermediate phenotypes is a potentially powerful approach to uncover how genetic variation affects metabolic and health status. Our results advance knowledge in areas of biomedical and agricultural interest and identify potential correlates of biomarkers, SNPs-metabolites, SNPs-tran...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - April 16, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Systems Biology Approaches and Precision Oral Health: A Circadian Clock Perspective
Conclusion Most head and neck pathologies show a broad cellular heterogeneity making it difficult to achieve an accurate diagnosis and efficient treatment (Graf and Zavodszky, 2017; Lo Nigro et al., 2017). Single cell analysis of circadian omics (Lande-Diner et al., 2015; Abraham et al., 2018), may be a crucial tool needed in the future to fully understand the circadian control of head and neck diseases. It becomes more obvious that there is only a small genetic component but a largely unknown epigenetics and/or environmental component for most of the head and neck pathologies (Moosavi and Motevalizadeh Ardekani, 2016; He...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Connecting Metainflammation and Neuroinflammation Through the PTN-MK-RPTP β/ζ Axis: Relevance in Therapeutic Development
Conclusion The expression of the components of the PTN-MK-RPTPβ/ζ axis in immune cells and in inflammatory diseases suggests important roles for this axis in inflammation. Pleiotrophin has been recently identified as a limiting factor of metainflammation, a chronic pathological state that contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Pleiotrophin also seems to potentiate acute neuroinflammation independently of the inflammatory stimulus while MK seems to play different -even opposite- roles in acute neuroinflammation depending on the stimulus. Which are the functions of MK and PTN in chronic neuroi...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research