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Engineered targeting tLyp-1 exosomes as gene therapy vectors for efficient delivery of siRNA into lung cancer cells
In conclusion, the targeting tLyp-1 exosomes are successfully engineered, and can be used for gene therapy with a high transfection efficiency. Therefore, the engineered targeting tLyp-1 exosomes offer a promising gene delivery platform for future cancer therapy.Graphical AbstractThe tLyp-1-lamp2b plasmid transfected HEK293T cells can secreted tumor targeting tLyp-1 exosomes. By electroporation technology, targeting tLyp-1 exosomes were loaded with siRNA. When targeting tLyp-1 exosome ruptured in cytoplasm, siRNA was loaded into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The sense (passenger) strand was degraded while the a...
Source: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences - May 8, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Human CAR NK Cells: A New Non-viral Method Allowing High Efficient Transfection and Strong Tumor Cell Killing
In conclusion, the method of NK cell transfection described in our present study is highly efficient, does not require expensive dedicated structures necessary for viral transduction and avoids possible risks associated with the use of viral vectors. Importantly, it may be applied to NK cells or NK-92 cell line, greatly improving their anti-tumor activity and providing a new NK cell-based platform for new protocols of adoptive immuno-therapy of cancer. Ethics Statement The Ethical Committee of IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital approved the study (825/2014). Author Contributions TI designed and performed res...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Endothelial Cell-Derived TGF- β Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via CD133 in HBx-Infected Hepatoma Cells
Conclusion: The study indicates that secretory factors like TGF-β from neighboring endothelial cells may enhance expression of CD133 and impart an aggressive EMT phenotype to HBx-infected hepatoma cells in HBV induced HCC. Introduction Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancer worldwide, representing approximately 4% of all malignancies (1). It has been estimated that more than 50% of HCC cases in the world are associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) (2). HBV is a partially double stranded DNA virus belonging to the Hepadnavirus family. The HBV genome is 3.2 kb in size and contains fou...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 23, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Autophagy Is a Defense Mechanism Inhibiting Invasion and Inflammation During High-Virulent Haemophilus parasuis Infection in PK-15 Cells
In this study, we sought to investigate whether SH0165 (serovar 5, high-virulent strain) and HN0001 (serovar 6, non-virulent strain) infection induces autophagy and the specific role of autophagy in bacterial invasion and inflammation during H. parasuis infection. Moreover, we explored the mechanism underlying autophagy regulated inflammation through inflammatory signaling cascades during H. parasuis infection. This observation could provide useful information for further understanding the role of autophagy in H. parasuis infection and improve our knowledge of new strategies against this pathogen. Materials and Methods B...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Oligomeric S100A4 Is Associated With Monocyte Innate Immune Memory and Bypass of Tolerance to Subsequent Stimulation With Lipopolysaccharides
Conclusion: Bypass of tolerance by DAMPs might be a phenomenon as important as TI, since it could explain how chronic inflammation can be maintained in spite of an environment with multiple TLR2/TLR4-ligands. In RA monocytes, a PRDM8-dependent TI mechanism could be responsible for sustained chemokine/cytokines levels. Introduction Monocytes and macrophages play a central role in the pathophysiology of inflammation. For instance, in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), activated monocytes massively infiltrate synovial tissues and produce tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) (1–3). Accordingly, therapies aime...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 14, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

MiR-9 promotes osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting DKK1 gene expression.
Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the role of miR-9 and its mechanism on the osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to study gene expression. Assay of Alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining were used to examine osteoblast differentiation. Transfection of miR-9 mimics or lent-shmiR-9 was used to modulate the level of miR-9 in C2C12. Overexpression of miR-9 in C2C12 cells stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast mineralization, as well as the expression of osteoblast marker genes Col I, Ocn and Bsp. Gene silenc...
Source: Molecular Biology Reports - July 7, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Liu X, Xu H, Kou J, Wang Q, Zheng X, Yu T Tags: Mol Biol Rep Source Type: research

Antibacterial effect of mesenchymal stem cells against Escherichia coli is mediated by secretion of beta‐defensin‐2 via toll like receptor 4 signaling
This study was done to elucidate the mechanism underlying the antibacterial effects of MSCs. The growth of E. coli in vitro was significantly inhibited only by MSCs or their conditioned medium with bacterial preconditioning, but not by fibroblasts or their conditioned medium. Microarray analysis identified significant up‐regulation of toll like receptors (TLR)‐2 and TLR‐4, and β‐defensin 2 (BD2) in MSCs compared with fibroblasts after E. coli exposure. The increased BD2 level and the in vitro antibacterial effects of MSCs were abolished by specific antagonist or by siRNA‐mediated knockdown of TLR‐4, but not TL...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - September 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dong Kyung Sung, Yun Sil Chang, Se In Sung, Hye Soo Yoo, So Yoon Ahn, Won Soon Park Tags: Research article Source Type: research