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Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1629: Multiple Porcine Innate Immune Signaling Pathways Are Involved in the Anti-PEDV Response
In this study, we observed that various porcine innate immune signaling adaptors are involved in anti-PEDV (AJ1102-like strain) activity in transfected Vero cells. Among these, TRIF and MAVS showed the strongest anti-PEDV activity. The endogenous TRIF, MAVS, and STING were selected for further examination of anti-PEDV activity. Agonist stimulation experiments showed that TRIF, MAVS, and STING signaling all have obvious anti-PEDV activity. The siRNA knockdown assay showed that TRIF, MAVS, and STING are also all involved in anti-PEDV response, and their remarkable effects on PEDV replication were confirmed in TRIF&mi...
Source: Viruses - July 26, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Youwen Zhang Yulin Xu Sen Jiang Shaohua Sun Jiajia Zhang Jia Luo Qi Cao Wanglong Zheng Fran çois Meurens Nanhua Chen Jianzhong Zhu Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 14, Pages 1196: Poly(A)-Binding Protein Cytoplasmic 1 Inhibits Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Replication by Interacting with Nucleocapsid Protein
ao Chunyi Xue Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the etiological agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) characterized by vomit, watery diarrhea, dehydration and high mortality. Outbreaks of highly pathogenic variant strains of PEDV have resulted in extreme economic losses to the swine industry all over the world. The study of host–virus interaction can help to better understand the viral pathogenicity. Many studies have shown that poly(A)-binding proteins are involved in the replication process of various viruses. Here, we found that the infection of PEDV downregulated the expression of poly(A)...
Source: Viruses - May 31, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Tingting Wu Xiaona Wei Shumei Zheng Gaoli She Zhenling Han Zhichao Xu Yongchang Cao Chunyi Xue Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 1231: The Antiviral Small-Interfering RNA Pathway Induces Zika Virus Resistance in Transgenic Aedes aegypti
In this study, we investigated ZIKV susceptibility to transgenic Aedes aegypti engineered to target the virus by means of the antiviral small-interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway. The robustness of antiviral effector expression in transgenic mosquitoes is strongly influenced by the genomic insertion locus and transgene copy number; we therefore used CRISPR/Cas9 to re-target a previously characterized locus (Chr2:321382225) and engineered mosquitoes expressing an inverted repeat (IR) dsRNA against the NS3/4A region of the ZIKV genome. Small RNA analysis revealed that the IR effector triggered the mosquito’s siRNA a...
Source: Viruses - October 30, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Adeline E. Williams Irma Sanchez-Vargas William R. Reid Jingyi Lin Alexander W.E. Franz Ken E. Olson Tags: Article Source Type: research

Susceptibility of Enterovirus-D68 to RNAi-mediated antiviral knockdown
Publication date: Available online 20 July 2019Source: Antiviral ResearchAuthor(s): Nicholas Klaiber, Michael A. McVoy, Wei ZhaoAbstractEnterovirus D68 (EV-D68) represents an emerging pathogen which has demonstrated a capacity for causing epidemic illness in pediatric and immunocompromised patients. With no effective antiviral treatment available, therapeutic interventions are currently limited to supportive care. Utilizing available genomic sequences from the 2014 B3 Epidemic EV-D68 clade and the 1962 Fermon EV-D68 strains, we performed in silico comparative genomic analysis, identifying several islands of phylogenetic co...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - July 21, 2019 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Susceptibility of Enterovirus-D68 to RNAi-mediated antiviral knockdown.
Abstract Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) represents an emerging pathogen which has demonstrated a capacity for causing epidemic illness in pediatric and immunocompromised patients. With no effective antiviral treatment available, therapeutic interventions are currently limited to supportive care. Utilizing available genomic sequences from the 2014 B3 Epidemic EV-D68 clade and the 1962 Fermon EV-D68 strains, we performed in silico comparative genomic analysis, identifying several islands of phylogenetic conservation within the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene. The effects of transfecting short-interfering double-st...
Source: Antiviral Research - July 19, 2019 Category: Virology Authors: Klaiber N, McVoy MA, Zhao W Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 11, Pages 382: Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) ORF3 Interactome Reveals Inhibition of Virus Replication by Cellular VPS36 Protein
In this study, we employed immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to screen for cellular interacting partners of ORF3. Gene ontology analysis of the host interactome highlighted the involvement of ORF3 in endosomal and immune signaling pathways. Among the identified ORF3-interacting proteins, the vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 (VPS36) was assessed for its role in PEDV replication. VPS36 was found to interact with ORF3 regardless of its GLUE domain. As a result of VPS36–ORF3 interaction, PEDV replication was substantially suppressed in cells overexpressing VPS36. Interestingly, the ORF3 prot...
Source: Viruses - April 23, 2019 Category: Virology Authors: Challika Kaewborisuth Yodying Yingchutrakul Sittiruk Roytrakul Anan Jongkaewwattana Tags: Article Source Type: research

Aminopeptidase-N-independent entry of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus into Vero or porcine small intestine epithelial cells.
Abstract A monkey cell line Vero (ATCC CCL-81) is commonly used for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) propagation in vitro. However, it is still controversial whether the porcine aminopeptidase N (pAPN) counterpart on Vero cells (Vero-APN) confers PEDV entry. We found that endogenous expression of Vero-APN was undetectable in the mRNA and the protein levels in Vero cells. We cloned the partial Vero-APN gene (3340-bp) containing exons 1 to 9 from cellular DNA and subsequently generated two APN-knockout Vero cell lines by CRISPR/Cas9 approach. PEDV infection of two APN-knockout Vero cells had the same efficienc...
Source: Virology - March 1, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Ji CM, Wang B, Zhou J, Huang YW Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Metalloprotease ADAM17 regulates porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection by modifying aminopeptidase N.
Abstract Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). PED, characterized by acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, has caused serious economic losses in pig industry worldwide. Here, we demonstrate that activation of a disintergrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) induced the decrease of PEDV infection in HEK293 and IPEC-J2 cells and the downregulation of cell surface aminopeptidase N (APN) expression, an important entry factor for PEDV infection. Furthermore, overexpression of ADAM17 suppressed PEDV infection in HEK293 and IPEC-J2 cells, whereas ablation of ADAM17...
Source: Virology - February 20, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Zhang J, Guo L, Yang L, Xu J, Zhang L, Feng L, Chen H, Wang Y Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Protein Phosphatase-1 Regulates Rift Valley Fever Virus Replication
Publication date: Available online 20 January 2016 Source:Antiviral Research Author(s): Alan Baer, Nazly Shafagati, Ashwini Benedict, Tatiana Ammosova, Andrey Ivanov, Ramin M. Hakami, Kaori Terasaki, Shinji Makino, Sergei Nekhai, Kylene Kehn-Hall Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), genus Phlebovirus family Bunyaviridae, is an arthropod-borne virus endemic throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Recent outbreaks have resulted in cyclic epidemics with an increasing geographic footprint, devastating both livestock and human populations. Despite being recognized as an emerging threat, relatively little is known about the virule...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - January 21, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Protein Phosphatase-1 Regulates Rift Valley Fever Virus Replication.
Abstract Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), genus Phlebovirus family Bunyaviridae, is an arthropod-borne virus endemic throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Recent outbreaks have resulted in cyclic epidemics with an increasing geographic footprint, devastating both livestock and human populations. Despite being recognized as an emerging threat, relatively little is known about the virulence mechanisms and host interactions of RVFV. To date there are no FDA approved therapeutics or vaccines for RVF and there is an urgent need for their development. The Ser/Thr protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) has previously been shown to play a s...
Source: Antiviral Research - January 19, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Baer A, Shafagati N, Benedict A, Ammosova T, Ivanov A, Hakami RM, Terasaki K, Makino S, Nekhai S, Kehn-Hall K Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research

Porcine aminopeptidase N mediated polarized infection by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in target cells.
Abstract Infection of polarized intestinal epithelial cells by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was characterized. Indirect immunofluorescence assay, real-time PCR, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed PEDV can be successfully propagated in immortalized swine small intestine epithelial cells (IECs). Infection involved porcine aminpeptidase N (pAPN), a reported cellular receptor for PEDV, transient expression of pAPN and siRNA targeted pAPN increased and decreased the infectivity of PEDV in IECs, respectively. Subsequently, polarized entry into and release from both Vero E6 and IECs was analyzed. PE...
Source: Virology - February 11, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Cong Y, Li X, Bai Y, Lv X, Herrler G, Enjuanes L, Zhou X, Qu B, Meng F, Cong C, Ren X, Li G Tags: Virology Source Type: research