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Source: European Respiratory Journal
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Total 164 results found since Jan 2013.
Late-breaking abstract: The bromodomain-containing protein 4: The epigenetic origin of the oncogenic signature in pulmonary hypertension
Conclusion: Our study suggests an important role for BRD4 in pulmonary hypertension and opens the door to new avenues of investigation and proposes BRD4 as putative treatment for PAH.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 23, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Vaillancourt, M., Meloche, J., Ferraro, P., Provencher, S., Bonnet, S. Tags: 4.3 Pulmonary Circulation and Pulmonary Vascular Disease Source Type: research
Fibroblast-derived non-canonical WNT ligands contribute to attenuated alveolar epithelial repair in COPD
Conclusion: In COPD, attenuated canonical WNT signaling and disturbed alveolar epithelial cell repair may be a consequence of a shift in conditions that triggers WNT-5A secretion by fibroblasts.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 23, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Baarsma, H. A., Boczkowski, J., Yildirim, A. O., Konigshoff, M. Tags: 3.3 Mechanisms of Lung Injury and Repair Source Type: research
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) regulates cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced cellular senescence
Conclusion: These findings suggest that TFEB-mediated activation of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway plays a key regulatory role in CSE-induced cellular senescence. Thus, sufficient levels of TFEB induction may be a novel medical intervention to prevent cellular senescence in COPD pathogenesis.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 23, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kurita, Y., Araya, J., Hara, H., Kobayashi, K., Ito, S., Takasaka, N., Wakui, H., Yoshii, Y., Minagawa, S., Kojima, J., Numata, T., Shimizu, K., Kawaishi, M., Kaneko, Y., Nakayama, K., Kuwano, K. Tags: 3.2 Airway Cell Biology and Immunopathology Source Type: research
Microtubules mediate anti-inflammatory and lung vascular barrier protective effects of atrial natriuretic peptide
Independently on control of circulating fluid, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in the lung. We tested a role of microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton in the ANP-induced protection against endothelial cell (EC) barrier dysfunction and acute lung injury induced by Staphylococcus aureus-derived peptidoglican-G (PepG). ANP attenuated PepG-induced Rho signaling via suppression of PepG-induced MT disassembly and inhibition of MT-associated Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1. ANP-induced EC barrier preservation and MT stabilization was due to phosphorylation and inactivation of MT-a...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 23, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Birukova, A., Shah, A., Tian, Y., Meng, F. Tags: 3.3 Mechanisms of Lung Injury and Repair Source Type: research
Late-breaking abstract: The coagulant factor Xa induces PAR-1 and annexin A2-dependent airway smooth muscle cytokine production and cell proliferation
Conclusion These findings establish FXa as a potentially important asthma mediator, stimulating ASM function, through actions requiring PAR-1 and annexin A2.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 23, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Schuliga, M., Harris, T., Royce, S., Stewart, A. Tags: 3.2 Airway Cell Biology and Immunopathology Source Type: research
The c-jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway regulates airway smooth muscle cell proliferation
Conclusion: The JNK pathway contributes to FBS-induced human ASMC proliferation, at least in part, via the regulation of cyclin D1.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 23, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Chiba, S., Sumi, Y., Okayasu, K., Okamoto, T., Tateishi, T., Furusawa, H., Tsuchiya, K., Fujie, T., Tamaoka, M., Sakashita, H., Miyazaki, Y., Inase, N. Tags: 3.2 Airway Cell Biology and Immunopathology Source Type: research
NF-{kappa}B-EGFR cross talk in lung cell proliferation
The role of cadmium with respect to cell growth is still under debate. Low concentration of cadmium was applied to mice primary lung epithelial cells and cell proliferation was measured both by cell cycle analysis and Brdu incorporation assay, effects of different dose of cadmium on lung epithelial cells was evaluated morphologically by atomic force microscopy. RT-PCR and western blot confirmed the specific signalling pathways regarding cadmium induced lung cell proliferation. Primary lung epithelial cells were transfected with siEGFR and molecular interactions of downstream signalling molecules were determined. We have re...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 23, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Bhattacharyya, A. Tags: 3.2 Airway Cell Biology and Immunopathology Source Type: research
Metformin inhibits TGF-b-induced myofibroblast differentiation through AMPK activation
Conclusion:Metformin suppresses NOX4 expression and ROS production via AMPK activation, resulting in inhibition of TGF-b-induced myofibroblast differentiation. Therefore, metformin may also be used for the treatment of IPF.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 23, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Takasaka, N., Araya, J., Kurita, Y., Kobayashi, K., Ito, S., Wakui, H., Yoshii, Y., Minagawa, S., Kojima, J., Hara, H., Numata, T., Shimizu, K., Kawaishi, M., Kaneko, Y., Nakayama, K., Kuwano, K. Tags: 3.2 Airway Cell Biology and Immunopathology Source Type: research
TNF-a induces cPLA2 expression via Jak2/PDGFR-dependent Elk-1/p300 activation in human lung epithelial cells
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) plays a pivotal role in mediating agonist-induced arachidonic acid (AA) release for prostaglandin (PG) synthesis during inflammation triggered by tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a). However, the mechanisms underlying TNF-a-induced cPLA2 expression in human lung epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs) were not completely understood. Here, we demonstrated that TNF-a induced cPLA2 mRNA and protein expression, promoter activity, and PGE2 secretion in HPAEpiCs. TNF-a-inducedresponses were inhibited by the inhibitor of Jak2 (AG490), PDGFR (AG1296), PI3K (LY294002), or MEK1/2 (PD98059) and transfection with si...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 23, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Yang, C.-M. Tags: 3.2 Airway Cell Biology and Immunopathology Source Type: research
Rac-specific nucleotide exchange factor Asef mediates lung endothelial barrier protection by hepatocyte growth factor
This study tested the role of Asef in the HGF-induced activation of endothelial cell (EC) cytoskeletal dynamics and vascular endothelial barrier protective response in vitro and in two-hit animal model of ALI. HGF induced membrane translocation of Asef and stimulated its Rac-specific nucleotide exchange activity. Expression of constitutively activated Asef mutant mimicked effects of HGF on enhancement of peripheral actin cytoskeleton. By contrast, siRNA-induced Asef knockdown or expression of dominant negative Asef attenuated HGF-induced Rac activation which was evaluated using Rac-GTP pulldown assay and FRET analysis with...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 23, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Birukova, A., Tian, Y., Meng, F. Tags: 3.3 Mechanisms of Lung Injury and Repair Source Type: research
Chronic treatment of {beta}-blocker inhibited mucus hypersecretion and MUC5AC expression exposed to cigarette smoking through {beta}-arrestin2-ERK1/2 pathway
CONCLUSION β2-AR-β-arrestin2–ERK1/2 signaling is required for cigarette smoke-induced MUC5AC expression. Chronic treatment of β-blocker improved airway mucus hypersecretion resulting from smokingwithout increased the contractile response. Those data may contribute to the optimization of β2-AR target therapy in COPD.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 23, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: He, B., Zhou, Y., Guo, Y., Xu, M., Zhang, Y. Tags: 3.3 Mechanisms of Lung Injury and Repair Source Type: research
Expression of Olig2 in terminally differentiated eosinophils among leukocytes
Eosinophils are granulocytes that play a role in homeostasis and pathogenesis of heminth infection and allergic diseases. Olig2, a basic helix loop helix transcription factor, plays a key role in cell fate decision of oligodendrocytes and motor neurons. In the present study, we identified OLIG2 as a gene that among leukocytes is expressed exclusively in eosinophils. When cord blood (CB) CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells differentiated toward eosinophils during a 24 day culture period, Olig2 protein was expressed only in CB eosinophils at day 24, a time when these cells were considered fully differentiated and matured, while O...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 23, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hwang, S. M., Kang, J. H., Chung, I. Y. Tags: 5.3 Allergy and Immunology Source Type: research
The role of hypoxia and the circadian rhythm in sleep apnoea
Conclusion: Hypoxia in OSA causes an increase of HIF-1α which in turn disrupts the circadian rhythm in vitro. This pathway might be a potential target in tackling sleep apnoea.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - October 30, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jaspers, T., Morrell, M., Simonds, A., Adcock, I., Durham, A. Tags: 4.2 Sleep and Control of Breathing Source Type: research
Prostaglandin E2 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation through EP4 receptor and intracellular cAMP in human macrophages
Prostaglandin E2 is a potent lipid mediator involved in maintaining homeostasis but also promotion of acute inflammation or immune suppression. NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in host defense. Uncontrolled activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, due to mutations in the NLRP3 gene causes cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS). Here, we showed that NLRP3 inflammasome activation is inhibited by PGE2 in human macrophages. This effect was mediated through prostaglandin E receptor 4 (EP4) and an increase in intracellular cAMP, independently of protein kinase A (PKA) or exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Ep...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - October 30, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sokolowska, M., Chen, L.-Y., Liu, Y., Martinez-Anton, A., Qi, H.-Y., Logun, C., Alsaaty, S., Park, Y. H., Kastner, D. L., Chae, J. J., Shelhamer, J. H. Tags: 3.2 Airway Cell Biology and Immunopathology Source Type: research
Role of protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) in mediating corticosteroid insensitivity in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells in severe asthma
Although the mechanisms mediating corticosteroid resistance in severe asthma are still unknown, recent evidence suggests ASM cells isolated from patients with severe asthma have a decreased insensitivity to dexamethasone (Dex) with respect to the inhibition of chemokine production. Here we investigated whether this corticosteroid insensitivity seen in ASM from severe asthmatics was due to an abnormal GR signalling pathway. We here observed that production of CCL5 and CCL11 by TNF in ASM cells from severe asthmatics (compared to healthy subjects and nonsevere asthma) was not affected by Dex or fluticasone (FP) pretreatment....
Source: European Respiratory Journal - October 30, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Chachi, L., Abbasian, M., Gavrila, A., Tliba, O., Brightling, C., Amrani, Y. Tags: 3.2 Airway Cell Biology and Immunopathology Source Type: research
