• Filter By:
• Specialty
• Source
• Condition
• Cancer
• Infectious Disease
• Drug
• Training
• Management
• Procedure
• Therapy
• Vaccine
• Nutrition
• Country

The glucose sensor ChREBP links de-novo lipogenesis to PPARγ activity and adipocyte differentiation.
Abstract Reduced de-novo lipogenesis (DNL) in adipose tissue, often observed in obese individuals, is thought to contribute to insulin resistance. Besides trapping excess glucose and providing for triglycerides and energy storage, endogenously synthesized lipids can function as potent signaling molecules. Indeed, several specific lipids and their molecular targets that mediate insulin sensitivity have been recently identified. Here we report that carbohydrate element binding protein (ChREBP), a transcriptional inducer of glucose utilization and DNL, controls the activity of the adipogenic master regulator peroxiso...
Source: Endocrinology - July 16, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Witte N, Muenzner M, Rietscher J, Knauer M, Heidenreich S, Nuotio-Antar AM, Graef FA, Fedders R, Tolkachov A, Goehring I, Schupp M Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Calpain-10 Activity Underlies Angiotensin II-induced Aldosterone Production in an Adrenal Glomerulosa Cell Model.
Abstract Aldosterone is a steroid hormone important in the regulation of blood pressure. Aberrant production of aldosterone results in the development and progression of diseases including hypertension and congestive heart failure; therefore, a complete understanding of aldosterone production is important for developing more effective treatments. Angiotensin II (AngII) regulates steroidogenesis, in part through its ability to increase intracellular calcium levels. Calcium can activate calpains, proteases classified as typical or atypical based on the presence or absence of penta-EF-hands, that are involved in vari...
Source: Endocrinology - April 2, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Seremwe M, Schnellmann RG, Bollag WB Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

AP-1 transcription factors c-FOS and c-JUN mediate GnRH-induced cadherin-11 expression and trophoblast cell invasion.
Abstract Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is expressed in first-trimester human placenta and increases cell invasion in extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVTs). Invasive phenotypes have been reported to be regulated by transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1) and mesenchymal cadherin-11. The aim of our study was to investigate the roles of AP-1 components (c-FOS/c-JUN) and cadherin-11 in GnRH-induced cell invasion in human EVT cells. p-c-FOS and p-c-JUN were detected in the cell column regions of human first-trimester placental villi by immunohistochemistry. GnRH treatment increased c-FOS, c-JUN and cadhe...
Source: Endocrinology - March 20, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Peng B, Zhu H, Ma L, Wang YL, Klausen C, Leung PC Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Calcitriol prevents in vitro vascular smooth muscle cell mineralization by regulating Calcium-Sensing Receptor expression.
In conclusion, these findings suggest that nanomolar concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 induce a CaSR-dependent protection against VC. Both lower and higher concentrations are either ineffective or may even promote VC. Whether this also holds true in the clinical setting requires further study. PMID: 25763635 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Endocrinology - March 12, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Mary A, Hénaut L, Boudot C, Six I, Brazier M, Massy ZA, Drüeke TB, Kamel S, Mentaverri R Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

GATA4 is a key regulator of steroidogenesis and glycolysis in mouse Leydig cells.
Abstract Transcription factor GATA4 is expressed in somatic cells of the mammalian testis. Gene targeting studies in mice have shown that GATA4 is essential for proper differentiation and function of Sertoli cells. The role of GATA4 in Leydig cell development, however, remains controversial because targeted mutagenesis experiments in mice have not shown a consistent phenotype, possibly due to context-dependent effects or compensatory responses. We therefore undertook a reductionist approach to study the function of GATA4 in Leydig cells. Using microarray analysis and quantitative RT-PCR, we identified a set of gen...
Source: Endocrinology - February 10, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Schrade A, Kyrönlahti A, Akinrinade O, Pihlajoki M, Häkkinen M, Fischer S, Alastalo TP, Velagapudi V, Toppari J, Wilson DB, Heikinheimo M Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Inactivation of histone deacetylase 1 (hdac1) but not hdac2 is required for the glucocorticoid-dependent ccaat/enhancer binding protein α (c/ebpα) expression and preadipocyte differentiation.
In this study, we sought to demonstrate using two different strategies the definite role of HDACl in adipogenesis. By using siRNA-mediated knockdown of HDAC1 and by generating an enzymatically inactive HDAC1D181A by site-directed mutagenesis, we were able to show that HDAC1, but not HDAC2, suppresses GR-potentiated preadipocyte differentiation by decreasing C/ebpα and Pparγ expression levels at the onset of differentiation. Finally, we demonstrate that HDAC1D181A acts as a dominant negative mutant of HDACl during adipogenesis by modulating C/EBPβ transcriptional activity on the C/ebpα promoter. PMID: 25203139 [Pub...
Source: Endocrinology - September 9, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kuzmochka C, Abdou HS, Haché RJ, Atlas E Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Progesterone induces RhoA inactivation in male rat aortic smooth muscle cells through up-regulation of p27(kip1.)
Abstract Previously, we showed that progesterone (P4) at physiologic concentrations (5-500 nM) inhibits proliferation and migration of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC). The P4-induced migration inhibition in RASMC was resulted from Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) inactivation induced by activating the cSrc/AKT/ERK 2/p38-mediated signaling pathway. We also demonstrated that up-regulation of p27(kip1) is involved in the P4-induced migration inhibition in RASMC. Since P4 can increase formation of the p27(kip1)-RhoA complex in RASMC, this finding led us to hypothesize that the P4-induced inactivation in...
Source: Endocrinology - August 19, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Wang HC, Lee WS Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Identification and characterization of membrane androgen receptors in the ZIP9 zinc transporter subfamily: II. Role of human ZIP9 in testosterone-induced prostate and breast cancer cell apoptosis.
Abstract Recently we discovered a cDNA in teleost ovarian follicle cells belonging to the zinc transporter ZIP9 subfamily encoding a protein with characteristics of a membrane androgen receptor (mAR). Here we demonstrate that human ZIP9 expressed in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells and stably over-expressed in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells (PC-3-ZIP9) also displays the ligand binding and signaling characteristics of a specific, high-affinity mAR. Testosterone treatment of MDA-MB-468 and PC-3-ZIP9 cells caused activation of G proteins and second messenger pathways as well as increases in intracellular free zinc co...
Source: Endocrinology - July 11, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Thomas P, Dong J, Berg AH, Pang Y Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Identification and characterization of membrane androgen receptors in the ZIP9 zinc transporter subfamily: I. Discovery in female Atlantic croaker and evidence ZIP9 mediates testosterone-induced apoptosis of ovarian follicle cells.
We report here cloning and expression of a cDNA from Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) ovaries encoding a 33 kDa, 7-transmembrane protein with binding and signaling characteristics of a membrane androgen receptor (mAR) that is unrelated to any previously described steroid receptor. Instead croaker mAR has 81-93% amino acid sequence identity with zinc transporter ZIP9 (SLC39A9) subfamily members, indicating it is a ZIP9 protein. Croaker ZIP9 is expressed in gonadal tissues and in brain, and is upregulated in the ovary by reproductive hormones. ZIP9 protein is localized to plasma membranes of croaker granulosa cells...
Source: Endocrinology - July 11, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Berg AH, Rice CD, Rahman MS, Dong J, Thomas P Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 mediates fasting-induced hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 expression.
In conclusion, this study shows that Nur77 mediates fasting-induced hepatic FGF21 expression, and suggests an alternative mechanism via which hepatic FGF21 transcription is mediated under fasting conditions. PMID: 24885573 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Endocrinology - June 2, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Min AK, Bae KH, Jung YA, Choi YK, Kim MJ, Kim JH, Jeon JH, Kim JG, Lee IK, Park KG Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Adiponectin Upregulates SHBG Production: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Implications.
Abstract Epidemiological studies have shown that plasma SHBG levels correlate with plasma adiponectin levels, both in men and women. There are no reports describing any molecular mechanism by which adiponectin regulates hepatic SHBG production. The aim of the present study is to explore whether adiponectin regulates SHBG production by increasing HNF-4α levels through reducing hepatic lipid content. For this purpose, in vitro studies using human HepG2 cells, as well as human liver biopsies were performed. Our results show that adiponectin treatment increased SHBG production via AMPK activation in HepG2 cells. Adip...
Source: Endocrinology - May 14, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Simó R, Saez-Lopez C, Lecube A, Hernandez C, Fort JM, Selva DM Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Advanced Glycation End Product 3 (AGE3) Suppresses the Mineralization of Mouse Stromal ST2 Cells and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Increasing TGF-β Expression and Secretion.
Abstract In diabetic patients, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) cause bone fragility because of deterioration of bone quality. We previously showed that AGEs suppressed the mineralization of mouse stromal ST2 cells. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is abundant in bone, and enhancement of its signal causes bone quality deterioration. However, whether TGF-β signaling is involved in the AGE-induced suppression of mineralization during the osteoblast lineage remains unknown. We therefore examined the roles of TGF-β in the AGE-induced suppression of mineralization of ST2 cells and human mesenchymal stem cell...
Source: Endocrinology - April 23, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Notsu M, Yamaguchi T, Okazaki K, Tanaka KI, Ogawa N, Kanazawa I, Sugimoto T Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Induction of PGF2α synthesis by cortisol through GR dependent induction of CBR1 in human amnion fibroblasts.
In conclusion, CBR1 may play a critical role in PGF2α synthesis in human amnion fibroblasts and cortisol promotes the conversion of PGE2 into PGF2α via GR-mediated induction of CBR1 in human amnion fibroblasts. This stimulatory effect of cortisol on CBR1 expression may explain at least in part the concurrent increases of cortisol and PGF2α in human amnion tissue with labor, and these findings may account for the increased production of PGF2α in the fetal membranes prior to the onset of labor. PMID: 24654784 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Endocrinology - March 21, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Guo C, Wang W, Liu C, Myatt L, Sun K Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Aldosterone's rapid, nongenomic effects are mediated by striatin: a modulator of aldosterone's effect on estrogen action.
In conclusion, our results indicate that striatin is a novel mediator for both aldosterone's and estrogen's rapid and nongenomic mechanisms of action on pERK and peNOS, respectively, thereby suggesting a unique level of interactions between the mineralocorticoid receptor and the estrogen receptor in the cardiovascular system. PMID: 24654783 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Endocrinology - March 21, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Coutinho P, Vega C, Pojoga LH, Rivera A, Prado GN, Yao TM, Adler G, Torres-Grajales M, Maldonado ER, Ramos-Rivera A, Williams J, Williams G, Romero JR Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Indoxyl sulfate-induced activation of (pro)renin receptor is involved in expression of transforming growth factor-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin in proximal tubular cells.
Abstract Activation of (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the role of indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, in the activation of PRR is not clear. The present study aimed to clarify the role of indoxyl sulfate in activation of PRR, in relation to renal expression of fibrotic genes. Renal expression of PRR and renin/prorenin was upregulated in CKD rats compared with normal rats, whereas AST-120 suppressed these expression by reducing serum levels of indoxyl sulfate. Furthermore, administration of indoxyl sulfate to normotensive and hypertensive rats increas...
Source: Endocrinology - March 6, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Saito S, Shimizu H, Yisireyili M, Nishijima F, Enomoto A, Niwa T Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Pages: 1  2  3  4  5  6